Class 9 Science Chapter 13 Why do we fall ill one liner questions
What is a disease?
A disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body and causes symptoms such as pain, discomfort, or disability.
What is the difference between acute and chronic diseases?
Acute diseases develop rapidly and have a short duration, while chronic diseases develop slowly and persist over a long period of time.
What is meant by immunity?
Immunity is the ability of the body to resist infection and disease by recognizing and neutralizing foreign substances such as pathogens.
How do pathogens enter the body?
Pathogens can enter the body through various routes such as inhalation, ingestion, direct contact, or through the bites of vectors such as mosquitoes.
What are the different types of pathogens?
The different types of pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.
What is a vector-borne disease?
A vector-borne disease is a disease that is transmitted to humans through the bites of vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas.
What is the difference between antibiotics and vaccines?
Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections, while vaccines are used to prevent infections by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies.
What is the role of the immune system in fighting diseases?
The immune system is responsible for identifying and neutralizing foreign substances such as pathogens and preventing them from causing harm to the body.
What are the basic principles of public health?
The basic principles of public health include disease prevention, health promotion, health education, and surveillance of disease outbreaks.
How can personal and community hygiene prevent the spread of diseases?
Personal and community hygiene practices such as washing hands regularly, maintaining clean surroundings, and practicing safe food handling can prevent the spread of diseases by reducing the transmission of pathogens.
What are the common symptoms of infectious diseases?
Common symptoms of infectious diseases include fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, cough, and diarrhea.
What is the role of vectors in the spread of diseases?
Vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas can spread diseases by transmitting pathogens from one host to another.
What is herd immunity and how does it work?
Herd immunity is a phenomenon where a large proportion of the population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or natural infection, thereby reducing the spread of the disease and protecting those who are not immune.
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity is acquired through the production of antibodies by the body’s immune system in response to a pathogen, while passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from an external source such as a mother to her child.
How does HIV/AIDS affect the immune system?
HIV/AIDS weakens the immune system by infecting and destroying CD4+ T cells, which are critical to the functioning of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
What is the role of sanitation in preventing the spread of diseases?
Sanitation plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of diseases by providing clean water, proper disposal of waste, and promoting good hygiene practices.
How do lifestyle factors contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases?
Unhealthy lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
What is the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of diseases?
Early diagnosis and treatment of diseases can help prevent complications, improve outcomes, and reduce the spread of infectious diseases.
What is the role of modern medicine in disease prevention and control?
Modern medicine plays a crucial role in disease prevention and control through the development of new drugs, vaccines, and medical technologies, and through the implementation of effective public health policies and programs.
How do emerging infectious diseases pose a threat to global health security?
Emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 pose a threat to global health security by spreading rapidly across borders and causing significant morbidity and mortality.
What is the importance of immunization in disease prevention?
Immunization is important in disease prevention as it stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens, thereby providing protection against infectious diseases.
How do viruses cause diseases?
Viruses cause diseases by invading host cells and replicating themselves, which can damage or kill the host cells and trigger an immune response that can cause symptoms such as fever, inflammation, and tissue damage.
What are the common modes of transmission of diseases?
The common modes of transmission of diseases include contact transmission (direct or indirect), airborne transmission, vector-borne transmission, and food-borne or water-borne transmission.
What is the difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases?
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths, while non-infectious diseases are caused by other factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
What is the role of personal protective equipment in preventing the spread of diseases?
Personal protective equipment such as masks, gloves, and gowns can help prevent the spread of diseases by reducing the transmission of pathogens through contact or airborne routes.
What is the difference between genetic and environmental factors in disease development?
Genetic factors refer to inherited traits that can increase the risk of developing certain diseases, while environmental factors refer to external factors such as lifestyle, diet, and exposure to toxins that can also contribute to disease development.
What is the impact of climate change on the incidence and spread of diseases?
Climate change can impact the incidence and spread of diseases by altering the distribution and abundance of vectors and pathogens, as well as affecting the ecological conditions that support disease transmission.
How does the immune system recognize and respond to pathogens?
The immune system recognizes and responds to pathogens by recognizing specific molecules on the surface of the pathogen called antigens, and producing antibodies that bind to and neutralize the pathogen.
What is the role of nutrition in maintaining a healthy immune system?
Nutrition plays a critical role in maintaining a healthy immune system by providing essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support immune function and help prevent infections.
How do public health policies and programs help in disease prevention and control?
Public health policies and programs can help in disease prevention and control by promoting healthy behaviors, providing access to healthcare services, and implementing measures such as vaccination, screening, and disease surveillance to identify and control outbreaks.