Some Important Question of Social Science

by

WORKSHEET – CLASS X (AUGUST)

Subject: Social Science — Answers

  1. Who was christened Marianne?

    Marianne was the allegory of the French nation, symbolising liberty and reason, often depicted as a woman wearing a red cap, tricolour cockade, and holding the tricolour flag.

  2. Explain the statement “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches a cold.”

    It means that political changes in France, especially during revolutions, influenced and inspired revolutionary movements across Europe.

  3. Write a short note on Greek War of Independence.

    It was fought (1821–1829) against Ottoman rule. Greek nationalists, supported by poets and European sympathisers, achieved independence through the Treaty of Constantinople (1832).

  4. What do you mean by Romanticism?

    A cultural movement that emphasised emotions, nature, folk traditions, and the glorification of the past to inspire nationalism.

  5. Write a short note on Frederic Sorrieu’s dream of a world.

    French artist Frederic Sorrieu envisioned a world of democratic and social republics where people of all nations, united by liberty, march together with symbols like the Statue of Liberty and national flags.

  6. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient?

    • Uniform civil code (Napoleonic Code)
    • Abolition of feudal privileges
    • Standardised weights, measures, and currency

  7. Objectives of the Frankfurt Parliament.

    Formed in 1848 by liberal nationalists in Germany to draft a constitution for a unified Germany with parliamentary monarchy and basic rights for citizens.

  8. Features of the landed aristocracy in Europe.

    Owned vast estates, were politically dominant, spoke French in courts, and lived lavishly; relied on peasants for cultivation.

  9. Meaning of liberalism to the middle class in Europe.

    It meant freedom of the individual, equality before the law, freedom of markets, and abolition of restrictions on movement of goods and capital.

  10. Three beliefs of conservatism after 1815.

    • Preserve monarchy and traditional institutions
    • Maintain social hierarchy
    • Gradual change instead of sudden revolution

  11. Three ways nationalist feelings were kept alive in Poland (18th–19th centuries).

    • Use of Polish language in churches
    • Preservation of folk songs and dances
    • Revolutionary uprisings against foreign rule

  12. Tea or wheat cultivation in Tamil Nadu — which is suitable?

    Tea is suitable due to hilly terrain, humid climate, and high rainfall, unlike wheat which needs cool, dry conditions.

  13. How are mining activities responsible for land degradation in Jharkhand?

    Mining causes deforestation, removal of topsoil, land subsidence, and pollution of soil and water.

  14. Differentiate between Khadar and Bangar.

    Khadar: New alluvial soil, fertile, near river banks.
    Bangar: Old alluvial soil, less fertile, higher terraces.

  15. Why was the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit held?

    To discuss global environmental protection, sustainable development, and cooperation among nations.

  16. Aims of Agenda 21.

    • Combat environmental damage
    • Promote sustainable development
    • Reduce poverty globally

  17. Role of Otto von Bismarck in unification of Germany.

    Prussian Chancellor who used “Blood and Iron” policy, led three wars (Denmark, Austria, France) to unite German states under Prussian leadership.

  18. Ideology of liberal nationalism using Zollverein.

    Zollverein (1834) was a customs union that removed trade barriers between German states, promoting economic unity and nationalist sentiment.

  19. How did Romanticism influence nationalist thought?

    It celebrated folk traditions, history, and language, making people aware of their cultural roots, thus fostering national pride.

  20. Why is Britain’s unification considered unique?

    It was achieved through political agreements and Acts of Union rather than revolution or war, integrating Scotland, Ireland, and Wales under England.

  21. Incorporation of Ireland and Scotland.

    Scotland joined via the 1707 Act of Union; Ireland was incorporated in 1801, though Irish nationalists opposed English dominance.

  22. Attributes of allegories for France, Germany, and Britain.

    France: Marianne with liberty cap.
    Germany: Germania with sword and olive wreath.
    Britain: Britannia with trident and shield.

  23. Importance of resource planning in India.

    Ensures sustainable use, reduces regional disparities, and meets current & future needs.

  24. Interdependence between nature, technology, and institutions.

    Nature provides resources, technology helps in utilisation, and institutions regulate and manage for sustainable growth.

  25. Causes of land degradation in India.

    • Deforestation
    • Overgrazing
    • Mining
    • Over-irrigation
    • Industrial effluents

  26. Steps involved in resource planning.

    1. Survey and mapping of resources
    2. Planning for resource use
    3. Implementation of plans with technology and participation

  27. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?

    Ethnic diversity, decline of Ottoman Empire, rivalry among European powers, and rise of nationalist movements.

  28. Political & constitutional changes after the French Revolution.

    Sovereignty transferred from monarchy to citizens; new laws ensured equality, rights, and elected assemblies.

  29. How did the Greek War of Independence mobilise nationalist feelings?

    Inspired by classical heritage and supported by European artists, intellectuals, and military aid, leading to a shared nationalist cause.

  30. Role of Giuseppe Mazzini in unification of Italy.

    Founded Young Italy, inspired revolutionary movements, spread ideas of unity and republicanism, influencing leaders like Garibaldi and Cavour.

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