Class 10 Geography important Questions
| Year | Question Number | Question Text |
|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Q. 7 | Write two characteristics of Black soil. |
| 2013 | Q. 8 | Give two suggestions to survival of endangered species of wildlife. |
| 2013 | Q. 9 | Explain the multipurpose projects. |
| 2013 | Q. 10 | Match the following: Non-conventional sources of energy (Solar energy, Wind energy, Tidal energy, Geothermal energy) with Located areas (Gulf of Kachchh, Bhuj-Madhapur, Ladakh, Jaisalmer). |
| 2013 | Q. 11 | Describe the cultivation of rice under the following points: i) Climate ii) Producing area. |
| 2013 | Q. 12 | Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain. |
| 2013 | Q. 13 | Mention two measures for conservation of land degradation. |
| 2013 | Q. 30(ii) | Write short notes on: Importance of tourism in International trade. |
| 2013 | Q. 31(a) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Amritsar (ii) Champaran. |
| 2013 | Q. 31(b) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Areas of arid soil (ii) Areas of Gondwana coal (iii) Mumbai port. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 3 | Write the names of any two non-renewable resources. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 7 | Classify the energy resources. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 8 | Write names of any four types of soils found in India. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 9 | Describe the bio-diversity found in India. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 10 | Match the following: State (Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal) with Mineral (Copper, Coal, Manganese, Limestone). |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 11 | Discuss the impacts of globalisation on Indian agriculture. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 12 | Suggest any four methods of rain water harvesting. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 13 | What do you understand by sustainable development? |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 29(i) | Write short notes on: Merits of road transportation. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 29(ii) | Write short notes on: Suggestion to control air pollution. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 30(a) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Nagpur (ii) Poona. |
| 2013 Supp. | Q. 30(b) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Areas of Alluvial soil (ii) National Highway 15 (iii) Kaiga Nuclear plant. |
| 2014 | Q. 7 | Match the following: Metropolitan City (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai) with Airport (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Meenam Bakkam, Indira Gandhi International, Chhatrapati Shivaji). |
| 2014 | Q. 8 | Explain two problems caused due to the indiscriminate use of resources by humans. |
| 2014 | Q. 9 | Compare the primitive subsistence farming and commercial farming. |
| 2014 | Q. 10 | Suggest two measures to conserve soil. |
| 2014 | Q. 11 | Why is mica one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries? |
| 2014 | Q. 12 | Write four factors that have led to decline in biodiversity in India. |
| 2014 | Q. 13 | Give two suggestions for progress of cotton textile industry in India. |
| 2014 | Q. 30(i) | Write short notes on the following: Biogas. |
| 2014 | Q. 30(ii) | Write short notes on the following: Roof top rain water harvesting. |
| 2014 | Q. 31(a) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Surat (ii) Goa. |
| 2014 | Q. 31(b) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Major rice producing area (ii) Mumbai High (iii) Bhadravati iron and steel plant. |
| 2015 | Q. 7 | Clarify the meaning of international resources. |
| 2015 | Q. 8 | Write any two features of Arid soil. |
| 2015 | Q. 9 | Why is conservation of forest & wildlife necessary? |
| 2015 | Q. 10 | In your opinion how is ‘Dam’ useful? |
| 2015 | Q. 11 | Describe the geographical conditions for wheat farming. |
| 2015 | Q. 12 | Name the two rock series of two main geological ages in which coal occurs. |
| 2015 | Q. 13 | “Iron and Steel industry could not develop fully in India.” Give any two reasons for this. |
| 2015 | Q. 30(i) | Write short notes on the following: International trade. |
| 2015 | Q. 30(ii) | Write short notes on the following: Geothermal energy. |
| 2015 | Q. 31(a) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Bengal (ii) Punjab. |
| 2015 | Q. 31(b) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (i) Jawaharlal Nehru Seaport (ii) Cotton textile industry-Porbandar (iii) Woolen textile industry-Bikaner. |
| 2016 | Q. 9 | Give any two characteristics of black soil. |
| 2016 | Q. 10 | Give any two name of endangered species. |
| 2016 | Q. 11 | Explain which way Rain Water Harvesting is carried out in Arid and Semi Arid region of Rajasthan. |
| 2016 | Q. 12 | Describe the Geographical conditions for Rice production in India. |
| 2016 | Q. 13 | Describe the importance of Manufacturing Industries. |
| 2016 | Q. 14 | Describe the utility of Road Transportation. |
| 2016 | Q. 30(a) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India – (i) Dandi (ii) Sholapur. |
| 2016 | Q. 30(b) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India − (i) Delhi (ii) Chennai. |
| 2017 | Q. 10 | Write any four demerits of multi-purpose river projects. |
| 2017 | Q. 11 | Explain impact of Globalization on agriculture. |
| 2017 | Q. 12 | Write any two uses of Copper mineral. |
| 2017 | Q. 13 | Explain any four causes of noise pollution. |
| 2017 | Q. 14 | What is the difference between International and local trade? |
| 2017 | Q. 26 | What are resources? Describe biotic and abiotic resources. OR Write causes and methods of conservation of soil erosion. |
| 2017 | Q. 30(b) | Mark the following in the given outline map of India. (i) Chauri-Chaura (ii) Calcutta. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 8 | Explain vulnerable species. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 9 | Differentiate between reserved and protected forests. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 10 | Write any four aims of multi-purpose river projects. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 11 | Write four factors responsible for tea cultivation. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 12 | Name any four Energy resources. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 13 | Give names of any four raw-materials used in Cement Industry. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 14 | Explain Golden quadrilateral super Highways. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 26 | Explain any four types of soils found in India. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 30(a) | Mark the following in the given outline Map of India: (i) Jaipur (ii) Hyderabad. |
| 2017 Sp Supp | Q. 30(b) | Mark the following in the given outline Map of India: (i) Mumbai (ii) Pune. |
| 2018 | Q. 4 | Write any two benefits of Internet. |
| 2018 | Q. 12 | What is ‘TANKA’? What is the name of scheme under which Tanka construction were done? |
| 2018 | Q. 13 | What are Commercial Crops? Write any four examples. |
| 2018 | Q. 14 | How many types of metallic minerals are there? Explain with example. |
| 2018 | Q. 15 | Write any two impacts of industrial pollution in India. |
| 2018 | Q. 16 | What do you understand by birth rate and death rate? |
| 2018 | Q. 17 | Explain the pipeline transport in India. |
| 2018 | Q. 30 | Mark the following in the given outline Map of India: (a) Khetari (b) Delhi (c) Jamshedpur (d) Paradeep (e) Hirakud Project. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 4 | What do you understand by ‘State Highways’? |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 12 | Write the names of any four hydro projects run by State Governments. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 13 | What is the characteristics of American cotton? Name the major cotton producing States in India. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 14 | Write the names of the main petroleum producing regions in Gujarat. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 15 | Highlight the Handicraft industry of Rajasthan. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 16 | Write with example any two reasons for the uneven distribution of population density. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 17 | Explain the Golden Quadrilateral Maharaj Marg. |
| 2018 Supp | Q. 30 | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (A) Hosangabad (B) Chennai (C) Bokaro (D) Vishakhapattanam (E) Damodar Valley Project. |
| 2019 | Q. 4 | Which states are partner in Tungabhadra multipurpose project? |
| 2019 | Q. 12 | Which water source can you use in western Rajasthan to meet the requirement of water in summer season after drying up of rain water? Write any two characteristics related to construction of such water source. |
| 2019 | Q. 13 | Write the necessary conditions related to temperature and rainfall for the production of rice. |
| 2019 | Q. 14 | Match the list – I (Types of coal: Bituminous, Lignite, Peat, Anthracite) with list – II (Quantity of carbon). |
| 2019 | Q. 15 | Which two measures will you suggest to save fish in Gomati river near Lucknow? |
| 2019 | Q. 17 | Write any four points to establish the importance of internet. |
| 2020 | Q. 4 | According to the 2011 census, which is the most populated state in the India. |
| 2020 | Q. 12 | Write the names of any four water projects run by the Central Government. |
| 2020 | Q. 13 | What are commercial crops? Write the names of any two commercial crops in India. |
| 2020 | Q. 14 | What is metallic mineral? Write any two examples of ferrous metal minerals. |
| 2020 | Q. 15 | “Cotton textile industry in India is in Trouble”. Specify any two reasons in favour. |
| 2020 | Q. 16 | Describe the National Population Policy of year 2000 in short? |
| 2020 | Q. 17 | Explain the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway. |
| 2020 | Q. 30 | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: a) Hirakund Project b) Cotton cropped area c) Bokaro d) Visakhapatnam e) Tuticorin. |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 4 | What was India’s decadal growth rate as per 2011 census? |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 12 | What is “Johad”? |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 13 | By which name is American cotton known in India? Write the names of two states in India where it is produced. |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 14 | Which industries use copper? Write any four names. |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 15 | “Rajasthan is an industrially backward state as compare to other states of India.” Explain any two reasons. |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 16 | What are the major problems arising due to population growth in India? (any four) |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 17 | Describe any two National Waterways. |
| 2020 Supp | Q. 30 | Mark the following in the given outline map of India: (A) Bhakra Nangal Project (B) Rice cropped area (C) Khetri (D) Raurkela (E) Marmagao. |
| 2021 | Q. (iv) | ‘Damodar Valley Project’ is established on the river [Ganga/Mahanadi/Damodar/Satluj]. |
| 2021 | Q. (v) | In which district is the ‘Bankiya Pond’ located? |
| 2021 | Q. 5 | Makrana is famous for which industry? |
| 2021 | Q. 7 | What is ‘Ecological Sanitation’? |
| 2021 | Q. 9 (Fill in the blank) | In India Rabi crops are sown in ________ months. |
| 2021 | Q. 11 (Fill in the blank) | Rice crop needs temperature between ________ to ________ Centigrade. |
| 2021 | Q. 14 | Write the necessary geographical conditions for cotton crop. (any two) |
| 2021 | Q. 17 | Suggest any two efforts to remove industrial pollution of the ‘Gomati River’. |
| 2021 | Q. 24 | Mark the following copper producing districts in the given outline map of Rajasthan: (A) Alwar (B) Udaipur (C) Rajsamand (D) Bikaner (E) Jhunjhunu. OR Mark the following rock phosphate producing districts in the given outline map of Rajasthan: (A) Udaipur (B) Jaisalmer (C) Sikar (D) Jaipur (E) Pali. |
| 2022 | Q. 1(v) | Over which river has the Sardar Sarovar Dam been built? |
| 2022 | Q. 1(vi) | The Rabi Crop pair is – [Wheat – Barley / Wheat – Rice / Jowar – Bajra / Mustard – Cotton]. |
| 2022 | Q. 2(ii) (Fill in the blank) | The resources, obtained from biosphere and which have life, are known as ________. |
| 2022 | Q. 3(iv) | Write names of two things that are obtained from forest. |
| 2022 | Q. 3(v) | What is a “Tanka”? |
| 2022 | Q. 3(vi) | Write names of two major fibre crops grown in India. |
| 2022 | Q. 3(x) | What do you understand by sustainable development? |
| 2022 | Q. 7 | Explain in brief the ‘Forest Conservation by Community’. |
| 2022 | Q. 8 | As the Water – Resource Minister of India, if you were asked to draft a river valley project, what points would you take into account? |
| 2022 | Q. 9 | Discuss organic agriculture. |
| 2022 | Q. 13 | What do you understand by non renewable resources? |
| 2022 | Q. 18 | Classify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility. OR What is soil-erosion? Write the reasons of soil-erosion and methods of soil-conservation. |
| 2022 | Q. 23 | Mark the following in the given outline map of India – A) Ajmer B) Gaya C) Durg D) Nellore. OR Mark the following in the given outline map of India – A) Naraura B) Rawatbhata C) Tarapur D) Kalpakkam. |
| 2023 | Q. 3(iv) | In which state the Deendayal port is located? |
| 2023 | Q. 3(v) | Mention the name of the farming which is practised in areas of high population pressure. |
| 2023 | Q. 3(vi) | According to you, how irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions? Mention in brief. |
| 2023 | Q. 7 | Write a note on vulnerable species of wild life. |
| 2023 | Q. 8 | “The need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources.” Explain. |
| 2023 | Q. 9 | Write two reasons of the growing importance of road transport vis-a-vis rail transport. |
| 2023 | Q. 13 | Define renewable and non renewable resources. |
| 2023 | Q. 18 | If you have to do resource planning, which steps would you use? |
| 2023 | Q. 23 | Write the answer in the given map :- |
| 2024 | Q. 1(v) | Area sown more than once in agriculture year [Gross cropped area / Net sown area / Fallow lands / Pastures]. |
| 2024 | Q. 1(vi) | Approximately what percentage of the world’s bio-diversity is found in India? |
| 2024 | Q. 1(vii) | Which one of the following industries uses limestone, silica and gypsum as a raw material? [Aluminium / Plastic / Cement / Automobile]. |
| 2024 | Q. 1(viii) | The air transport was nationalised in [1983/1973/1963/1953]. |
| 2024 | Q. 2(iii) (Fill in the blank) | Khadins are found in ________ district of Rajasthan. |
| 2024 | Q. 3(iv) | What is bio-diversity? |
| 2024 | Q. 3(v) | What are the main causes of water pollution? (Any two) |
| 2024 | Q. 6 | Describe the process of soil formation. |
| 2024 | Q. 7 | How did irrigation change cropping patterns, soils and social landscapes? |
| 2024 | Q. 8 | What are the relevant mediums of mass communication? |
| 2024 | Q. 22 | Mark the following Thermal Power Plants in the given Outline Map of India: (A) Nashik (B) Vijayawada (C) Barauni (D) Bongaigaon. OR Mark the following Thermal Power Plants in the given Outline Map of India: (A) Gandhinagar (B) Ramagundam (C) Amarkantak (D) Namrup. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 1(v) | Which of the following is non recyclable resources? [Water / Fossil fuels / Natural Vegetation / Wildlife]. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 1(vi) | ‘Manas Tiger Reserve’ is situated in – [Assam / Rajasthan / Gujarat / Uttar Pradesh]. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 1(vii) | The ratio of iron ore, coking coal and limestone for the Iron and Steel industry is – [2:4:1 / 1:4:2 / 4:2:1 / 2:1:4]. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 3(iv) | Write one characteristic of reserved forests. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 3(v) | Which country is the largest producer of jute goods? |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 6 | Briefly explain black soil. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 7 | What are the demerits of multipurpose projects? |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 8 | Write relevent information of state highways. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 17 | Describe the necessary geographical condition and production areas for tea production in India. OR Describe the necessary geographical condition and production areas for rubber production in India. |
| 2024 Supp | Q. 22 | Mark the following Iron ore mines in the given outline map of India. A) Ratnagiri B) Chitradurga C) Bailadila D) Mayurbhanj. OR Mark the following Iron ore mines in the given outline map of India. A) Ballari B) Chandrapur C) Gua D) Durg. |
| 2025 | Q. 1(vi) | When were plants first included to the list of protected species? |
| 2025 | Q. 1(vii) | By which name is slash and burn agriculture known in Andhra Pradesh? [Valre / Podu / Khil / Kuruwa]. |
| 2025 | Q. 1(viii) | Which of the following is a non-metallic mineral? [Bauxite / Lead / Mica / Gold]. |
| 2025 | Q. 1(ix) | The length of India’s Coast line is [7615.6 km. / 7761.6 km. / 7156.6 km. / 7516.6 km.]. |
| 2025 | Q. 1(xvi) | The dam is situated on the Narmada river [Sardar Sarovar dam / Harike Barrage / Rana Pratap Sagar dam / Jawai dam]. |
| 2025 | Q. 1(xvii) | Most modern medium of telecommunication is [Telegraph / E-mail / Telephone / Fax]. |
| 2025 | Q. 2(ii) (Fill in the blank) | Hirakud Dam is situated on ________. |
| 2025 | Q. 3(iv) | Examine “Small is Beautiful” Book. |
| 2025 | Q. 3(v) | Implement the Chipko Movement in your area. |
| 2025 | Q. 3(vi) | Analyse Rabi crops. |
| 2025 | Q. 6 | Identify the chemical characteristics and components of Alluvial soil. |
| 2025 | Q. 7 | Identify and discuss rainwater harvesting system with the help of picture. |
| 2025 | Q. 15 | Explain the difference between igneous and sedimentary rocks. OR Explain the difference between natural gas and biogas. |
| 2025 | Q. 20 | Mark the following woolen textile center (A, B) and sea ports (C, D) in the given outline map of India. A) Ludhiana B) Jamnagar C) Marmagao D) Kochchi. OR Mark the following woolen textile center (A, B) and sea ports (C, D) in the given outline map of India. A) Amritsar B) Ahmedabad C) Tuticorin D) Haldia. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 1(v) | In which year the joint forest management programme was launched? [1988/1989/1990/1991]. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 1(vii) | By which name is slash and burn agriculture known in Himalayan belt? [Valre / Khil / Podu / Kuruwa]. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 1(viii) | Which of the following is a rock mineral? [Mica / Lead / Limestone / Gold]. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 3(iv) | Examine leaching. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 3(v) | Predict a plan to save the Indian Wildlife. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 3(vi) | Analyse Zaid crops. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 6 | Identify the chemical characteristics and components of Black soil. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 7 | Identify and discuss rainwater harvesting system with the help of picture. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 15 | Explain the difference between solar energy and geothermal energy. OR Explain the difference between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. |
| 2025 Supp | Q. 20 | Mark the following software technology parks (A, B) and railway stations (C, D) in the given outline map of India. A) Noida B) Hyderabad C) Guwahati D) Jammu. OR Mark the following software technology parks (A, B) and railway stations (C, D) in the given outline map of India. A) Jaipur B) Pune C) Cuttack D) Kanniyakumari. |
Answers to Important Geography Questions (by Year)
2013 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 7 | Write two characteristics of Black soil. | Black soils are also known as regur soils and are ideal for growing cotton. They are well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. They are rich in nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime, but generally poor in phosphoric content. They develop deep cracks during hot weather, which helps in proper aeration. |
| Q. 8 | Give two suggestions to survival of endangered species of wildlife. | Suggestions involve implementing conservation measures such as banning hunting and restricting trade in wildlife. Furthermore, giving legal protection to the habitats of endangered species is essential. |
| Q. 9 | Explain the multipurpose projects. | Dams are now referred to as multi-purpose projects because they are built for uses beyond just irrigation. These integrated uses include electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation, and fish breeding. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed dams as the ‘temples of modern India’. |
| Q. 10 | Match the following: Non-conventional sources of energy (Solar energy, Wind energy, Tidal energy, Geothermal energy) with Located areas (Gulf of Kachchh, Bhuj-Madhapur, Ladakh, Jaisalmer). | Based on specific locations mentioned for these energy types in the sources: Tidal energy is generated in the Gulf of Kuchchh (or Kachchh). Geothermal energy experimental projects are located in the Puga Valley, Ladakh. Wind energy is effectively used in Jaisalmer. (Bhuj-Madhapur and Solar energy are not explicitly matched to the remaining options in the provided sources). |
| Q. 11 | Describe the cultivation of rice under the following points: i) Climate ii) Producing area. | i) Climate: Rice is a kharif crop requiring high temperature (above 25°C) and high humidity. It needs an annual rainfall above 100 cm. ii) Producing area: Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions. Major producing regions include Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. It is also grown in areas of less rainfall like Punjab and Haryana with the help of irrigation. |
| Q. 12 | Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain. | Conservation is essential because mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. They require millions of years to be created and concentrated, and the geological processes of replenishment are infinitely slow compared to present consumption rates. Continued extraction leads to increasing costs and decreasing quality. |
| Q. 13 | Mention two measures for conservation of land degradation. | Two measures are afforestation and proper management of grazing. Other methods include planting shelter belts of plants and proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment. |
| Q. 30(ii) | Write short notes on: Importance of tourism in International trade. | Advancement of international trade is an index of economic prosperity. Tourism promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits, and helps in the development of international understanding about Indian culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for various purposes like heritage, eco, adventure, cultural, medical, and business tourism. |
2013 Supplementary Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 3 | Write the names of any two non-renewable resources. | Two non-renewable resources are Coal and Petroleum (mineral oil). Mineral resources in general are finite and non-renewable. |
| Q. 7 | Classify the energy resources. | Energy resources are classified as conventional sources and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include firewood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity (hydel and thermal). Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, and atomic energy. |
| Q. 8 | Write names of any four types of soils found in India. | Four types of soils found in India are Alluvial Soils, Black Soil, Red and Yellow Soils, and Laterite Soil. |
| Q. 9 | Describe the bio-diversity found in India. | India is immensely rich in biological diversity. It is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity, which includes millions of living beings from micro-organisms to banyan trees. This diversity encompasses wildlife and cultivated species, integrated through a complex network of interdependencies. |
| Q. 12 | Suggest any four methods of rain water harvesting. | 1. Constructing diversion channels like ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ in the Western Himalayas for agriculture. 2. Rooftop rainwater harvesting systems using underground tanks called tankas. 3. Converting agricultural fields into rain-fed storage structures like ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer or ‘Johads’ in Rajasthan. 4. Developing inundation channels to irrigate fields in the flood plains of Bengal. |
| Q. 13 | What do you understand by sustainable development? | Sustainable economic development means that development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations. |
2014 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 8 | Explain two problems caused due to the indiscriminate use of resources by humans. | 1. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals. 2. Accumulation of resources in few hands, which divided society into ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’. 3. It has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution, and land degradation. |
| Q. 9 | Compare the primitive subsistence farming and commercial farming. | Primitive subsistence farming is done on small patches of land using primitive tools and labour to sustain the family, relying on monsoon and natural fertility. It is characterized by ‘slash and burn’ agriculture and low productivity. Commercial farming uses higher doses of modern inputs (HYV seeds, fertilisers, pesticides) to obtain higher productivity, with the main characteristic being production for the market. |
| Q. 10 | Suggest two measures to conserve soil. | 1. Contour ploughing (decelerates water flow down slopes). 2. Terrace cultivation (restricts erosion, practiced in the Himalayas). 3. Strip cropping (dividing fields with grass strips to break wind force). 4. Planting shelter belts (rows of trees to stabilize sand dunes). |
| Q. 11 | Why is mica one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries? | Mica is indispensable due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties, and resistance to high voltage. It also splits easily into thin sheets. |
| Q. 12 | Write four factors that have led to decline in biodiversity in India. | 1. Poaching for trade. 2. Shrinking habitat. 3. Depletion of prey base species. 4. Growing human population. 5. General insensitivity to the environment. |
| Q. 30(ii) | Write short notes on the following: Roof top rain water harvesting. | This practice is commonly used to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan and Shillong, Meghalaya. In Rajasthan, water falling on sloping roofs is directed through pipes into underground tanks called ‘tankas’. This water is highly reliable, especially in summers. |
2015 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 8 | Write any two features of Arid soil. | Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. Due to the dry climate, they lack humus and moisture. They have Kankar layer formations in the bottom horizons that restrict water infiltration. |
| Q. 9 | Why is conservation of forest & wildlife necessary? | Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems—water, air, and soil. It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. |
| Q. 10 | In your opinion how is ‘Dam’ useful? | Dams, as multi-purpose projects, integrate uses such as irrigation, electricity generation (hydel power), flood control, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, recreation, inland navigation, and fish breeding. |
| Q. 11 | Describe the geographical conditions for wheat farming. | Wheat is a rabi crop requiring a cool growing season. It needs bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. |
| Q. 12 | Name the two rock series of two main geological ages in which coal occurs. | Coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages: Gondwana (a little over 200 million years in age) and Tertiary deposits (about 55 million years old). |
| Q. 30(ii) | Write short notes on the following: Geothermal energy. | Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced using heat from the Earth’s interior. Groundwater absorbs this heat and turns into steam, which is used to generate electricity. Two experimental projects in India are located in the Parvati valley (Himachal Pradesh) and the Puga Valley (Ladakh). |
2016 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 11 | Explain which way Rain Water Harvesting is carried out in Arid and Semi Arid region of Rajasthan. | In these regions (Bikaner, Phalodi, Barmer), people traditionally built underground tanks or ‘tankas’ inside the house or courtyard. These were connected to the sloping roofs via pipes to collect rainwater (palar pani). Also, agricultural fields were converted into rain-fed storage structures like ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ elsewhere, allowing water to stand and moisten the soil. |
| Q. 12 | Describe the Geographical conditions for Rice production in India. | Rice is a kharif crop requiring high temperature (above 25°C) and high humidity. It needs an annual rainfall above 100 cm. |
| Q. 13 | Describe the importance of Manufacturing Industries. | Manufacturing is considered the backbone of economic development as it helps in modernising agriculture, is a precondition for eradicating unemployment and poverty, helps reduce regional disparities, and exports expand trade and bring in foreign exchange. |
| Q. 14 | Describe the utility of Road Transportation. | Road transport has a growing importance because construction costs are lower than railways, roads can traverse dissected and undulating topography and high slopes. It is economical for transporting small amounts of goods over short distances and provides door-to-door service. It also serves as a feeder to other modes of transport (rail, air, sea ports). |
2017 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 10 | Write any four demerits of multi-purpose river projects. | 1. They regulate rivers, causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation in reservoirs. 2. They fragment rivers, hindering the migration of aquatic fauna. 3. Reservoirs submerge existing vegetation and soil. 4. They have been unsuccessful in controlling floods sometimes, triggering floods, and causing soil erosion. 5. They lead to large-scale displacement and loss of livelihood. |
| Q. 12 | Write any two uses of Copper mineral. | Copper is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor. It is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics, and chemical industries. |
| Q. 14 | What is the difference between International and local trade? | International trade is the exchange of goods between two or more countries, utilizing sea, air, or land routes. Local trade is carried in cities, towns, and villages. |
| Q. 26 | What are resources? Describe biotic and abiotic resources. | A Resource is anything available in our environment that can satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable. On the basis of origin, resources are classified as: Biotic resources, which are obtained from the biosphere and have life. Abiotic resources are non-living things. |
2017 Special Supplementary Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 9 | Differentiate between reserved and protected forests. | Reserved forests constitute more than half of the total forest land and are considered the most valuable for conservation. Protected forests constitute almost one-third of the total forest area and are protected from any further depletion. |
| Q. 10 | Write any four aims of multi-purpose river projects. | 1. Irrigation. 2. Electricity generation. 3. Flood control. 4. Water supply for domestic and industrial uses. |
| Q. 11 | Write four factors responsible for tea cultivation. | 1. Tropical and sub-tropical climates. 2. Deep and fertile well-drained soil rich in humus. 3. Warm, moist, frost-free climate all through the year. 4. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year. |
| Q. 12 | Name any four Energy resources. | Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Hydro Electricity (conventional sources); or Solar, Wind, Tidal, and Biogas (non-conventional sources). |
| Q. 13 | Give names of any four raw-materials used in Cement Industry. | The industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, and gypsum. Coal and electric power are also needed. |
| Q. 14 | Explain Golden quadrilateral super Highways. | This is a major road development project linking Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai by six-lane Super Highways. Its major objective is to reduce the time and distance between these mega cities. It includes the North-South and East-West corridors. |
| Q. 26 | Explain any four types of soils found in India. | 1. Alluvial Soils: Most widespread, deposited by Himalayan rivers (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra), very fertile, ideal for paddy and wheat. 2. Black Soil: Also called regur soil, typical of Deccan trap region, known for high moisture capacity, ideal for cotton. 3. Red and Yellow Soils: Develops on crystalline igneous rocks in low rainfall areas, gets reddish colour from diffusion of iron. 4. Arid Soils: Range from red to brown, sandy and saline, lack humus and moisture, restrict water infiltration due to Kankar layers. |
2018 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 12 | What is ‘TANKA’? | A Tanka is an underground tank or reservoir traditionally built inside the main house or courtyard in arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan (like Phalodi and Barmer) for storing drinking water collected via rooftop harvesting. (The scheme name is not specified in the sources.) |
| Q. 13 | What are Commercial Crops? Write any four examples. | Commercial crops are produced in commercial farming, which uses modern inputs for higher productivity and is mainly intended for the market. Examples include Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, and Jute. |
| Q. 14 | How many types of metallic minerals are there? Explain with example. | Metallic minerals are broadly divided into: Ferrous minerals (containing iron), such as Iron Ore (Magnetite, Hematite) and Manganese. Non-ferrous minerals (not containing iron), such as Copper, Bauxite, Lead, Zinc, and Gold. |
| Q. 15 | Write any two impacts of industrial pollution in India. | 1. Air pollution, caused by undesirable gases (sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide) and particulate matter, which adversely affects human health, animals, plants, and buildings. 2. Water pollution, caused by industrial wastes and effluents (acids, heavy metals, dyes) discharged into rivers. 3. Noise pollution, causing hearing impairment, increased heart rate, and blood pressure. |
| Q. 17 | Explain the pipeline transport in India. | Pipeline transport is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas from fields to refineries, fertilizer factories, and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported when converted into slurry. Although the initial laying cost is high, running costs are minimal, and it rules out trans-shipment losses or delays. |
2018 Supplementary Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 4 | What do you understand by ‘State Highways’? | State Highways are roads that link a state capital with different district headquarters. |
| Q. 13 | What is the characteristics of American cotton? Name the major cotton producing States in India. | American cotton is known as Narma in India. Cotton generally requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sun-shine for its growth. Major producing states include Maharashtra and Gujarat. |
| Q. 17 | Explain the Golden Quadrilateral Maharaj Marg. | This refers to the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways, linking the metro cities of Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai with six-lanes to reduce time and distance. It also includes the North-South and East-West corridors. |
2019 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 13 | Write the necessary conditions related to temperature and rainfall for the production of rice. | Rice requires high temperature (above 25°C) and high humidity. It needs an annual rainfall above 100 cm. |
2020 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 13 | What are commercial crops? Write the names of any two commercial crops in India. | Commercial farming aims for high productivity and market sale, using modern inputs. Two commercial crops are Sugarcane and Tea. |
| Q. 14 | What is metallic mineral? Write any two examples of ferrous metal minerals. | A metallic mineral yields metal upon refinement. Ferrous metal minerals provide a strong base for metallurgical industries. Two examples are Iron Ore (Magnetite, Hematite) and Manganese. |
| Q. 15 | “Cotton textile industry in India is in Trouble”. Specify any two reasons in favour. | 1. Weaving in India generally supplies low quality fabric as it cannot utilize much of the high-quality yarn produced by the spinning sector. 2. Traditionally, the industry suffered due to its inability to compete with mill-made cloth from England during the colonial period. |
| Q. 17 | Explain the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway. | It is a six-lane Super Highway project linking Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai, intended to reduce the time and distance between these mega cities. It is implemented by the NHAI. |
2020 Supplementary Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 12 | What is “Johad”? | Johads are rain-fed storage structures created by converting agricultural fields in arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan (other than Jaisalmer) to allow water to stand and moisten the soil. |
| Q. 13 | By which name is American cotton known in India? Write the names of two states in India where it is produced. | American cotton is known as Narma in India. Two states where it is produced are Maharashtra and Gujarat. |
| Q. 14 | Which industries use copper? Write any four names. | Copper is used in electrical cables, electronics, and chemical industries. It is generally used in metallurgical and engineering industries. |
2021 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. (iv) | ‘Damodar Valley Project’ is established on the river [Ganga/Mahanadi/Damodar/Satluj]. | The Damodar Valley Project is established on the Damodar river. |
| Q. 14 | Write the necessary geographical conditions for cotton crop. (any two) | 1. It grows well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau. 2. It requires high temperature. 3. It needs 210 frost-free days and bright sun-shine. |
2022 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 1(v) | Over which river has the Sardar Sarovar Dam been built? | The Sardar Sarovar Dam has been built over the Narmada River. |
| Q. 1(vi) | The Rabi Crop pair is – [Wheat – Barley / Wheat – Rice / Jowar – Bajra / Mustard – Cotton]. | The correct Rabi crop pair is Wheat – Barley. |
| Q. 2(ii) | The resources, obtained from biosphere and which have life, are known as ________. | The resources, obtained from biosphere and which have life, are known as Biotic resources. |
| Q. 3(v) | What is a “Tanka”? | A Tanka is an underground tank or reservoir traditionally used for storing drinking water in arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. |
| Q. 3(x) | What do you understand by sustainable development? | Sustainable economic development means that development should occur without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations. |
| Q. 13 | What do you understand by non renewable resources? | These are resources that are finite. Their formation process is so slow that the rate of replenishment is infinitely small compared to present consumption. They require millions of years to be created (e.g., fossil fuels). |
| Q. 18 | Classify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility. | Resources are classified as Renewable (which can be renewed/recharged, like water) and Non-renewable (which are finite and exhaustible, like minerals and fossil fuels). |
2023 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 3(iv) | In which state the Deendayal port is located? | The Deendayal port (Kandla) is located in Gujarat. |
| Q. 3(v) | Mention the name of the farming which is practised in areas of high population pressure. | Intensive Subsistence Farming. |
| Q. 3(vi) | According to you, how irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions? Mention in brief. | Irrigation has changed cropping patterns by causing farmers to shift to water intensive and commercial crops. This has consequences like the salinisation of the soil. |
| Q. 8 | “The need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources.” Explain. | This is necessary because of water scarcity caused by over-exploitation, excessive use, and high pollution (from industrial wastes, chemicals, and pesticides). Conservation is needed to safeguard against health hazards, ensure food security, and prevent ecological crises. |
| Q. 9 | Write two reasons of the growing importance of road transport vis-a-vis rail transport. | 1. Roads can traverse more dissected and undulating topography and negotiate higher slopes. 2. Road transport is economical for transporting fewer people and smaller goods over short distances and offers door-to-door service. |
| Q. 13 | Define renewable and non renewable resources. | Renewable resources are continually renewed and recharged (like water via the hydrological cycle). Non-renewable resources are finite, require millions of years to form, and cannot be replenished easily. |
2024 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 1(vii) | Which one of the following industries uses limestone, silica and gypsum as a raw material? [Aluminium / Plastic / Cement / Automobile]. | The Cement industry uses limestone, silica, and gypsum as raw materials. |
| Q. 3(iv) | What is bio-diversity? | Biodiversity is the immense richness in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function, but closely integrated through a complex network of interdependencies. |
| Q. 3(v) | What are the main causes of water pollution? (Any two) | 1. Discharge of domestic and industrial wastes/effluents (dyes, heavy metals, acids, plastics) into rivers. 2. Use of chemicals, pesticides and fertilisers in agriculture. 3. Thermal pollution caused by draining hot water from factories into water bodies before cooling. |
| Q. 6 | Describe the process of soil formation. | Soil is a living system that takes millions of years to form. Formation is influenced by relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, life forms, and time. Forces of nature like temperature change, running water, wind, glaciers, and decomposers contribute to the formation, along with chemical and organic changes. |
| Q. 7 | How did irrigation change cropping patterns, soils and social landscapes? | Irrigation changed the cropping pattern by causing farmers to shift to water intensive and commercial crops. This change resulted in salinisation of the soil. (The source does not explicitly describe changes to social landscapes.) |
2024 Supplementary Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 6 | Briefly explain black soil. | Black soils are known as regur soils, are made of extremely fine clayey material, and are typical of the Deccan trap region (Maharashtra, MP, Chhattisgarh). They are highly effective at holding moisture and are ideal for cotton. |
| Q. 7 | What are the demerits of multipurpose projects? | Demerits include: fragmenting rivers, hindering aquatic fauna migration; causing excessive sedimentation; leading to large-scale displacement; causing ecological consequences like soil salinisation; and occasionally triggering floods or causing water-borne diseases. |
| Q. 8 | Write relevent information of state highways. | State Highways link the state capital with different district headquarters. |
| Q. 17 | Describe the necessary geographical condition and production areas for tea production in India. | Conditions: Tropical/sub-tropical climate, deep/fertile well-drained soil rich in humus, a warm, moist, frost-free climate year-round, and frequent, evenly distributed showers. Areas: Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts (West Bengal), Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. |
2025 Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 1(xvi) | The dam is situated on the Narmada river [Sardar Sarovar dam / Harike Barrage / Rana Pratap Sagar dam / Jawai dam]. | The dam situated on the Narmada river is the Sardar Sarovar dam. |
| Q. 2(ii) | Hirakud Dam is situated on ________. | Hirakud Dam is situated on the Mahanadi river/basin. |
| Q. 3(iv) | Examine “Small is Beautiful” Book. | The book Small is Beautiful, published in 1974 by Schumacher, presented the Gandhian philosophy regarding resource conservation. |
| Q. 3(vi) | Analyse Rabi crops. | Rabi crops are sown in winter (October–December) and harvested in summer (April–June). Major examples include wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard. |
| Q. 6 | Identify the chemical characteristics and components of Alluvial soil. | Alluvial soils are very fertile and contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime. They are ideal for crops like sugarcane and wheat. In drier areas, they can be more alkaline. |
| Q. 15 (Igneous/Sedimentary) | Explain the difference between igneous and sedimentary rocks. | Igneous rocks often contain minerals in cracks/faults (veins/lodes) formed when molten material cools and solidifies as it rises. Sedimentary rocks contain minerals in beds or layers, formed by the deposition, accumulation, and concentration of material (e.g., coal, limestone). |
2025 Supplementary Questions
| Question Number | Question Text | Answer Drawing on Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Q. 3(vi) | Analyse Zaid crops. | The Zaid season is a short summer cropping season that occurs between the rabi and kharif seasons. Crops produced during this season include watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables, and fodder crops. |
| Q. 6 | Identify the chemical characteristics and components of Black soil. | Black soils are rich in nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime. Chemically, they are made of fine, clayey material, but are generally poor in phosphoric contents. |
| Q. 15 (Solar/Geothermal) | Explain the difference between solar energy and geothermal energy. | Solar energy is obtained by converting sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic technology. Geothermal energy is derived from the heat of the Earth’s interior, used to heat groundwater into steam which drives turbines to generate electricity. |
Summary of Questions Not Answered Directly by Sources
Several questions listed in the required source material– could not be fully answered because the attached chapters– lacked specific corresponding definitions or data:
- 2013 Supp. Q. 11 (Impacts of globalisation on Indian agriculture): The sources discuss globalisation’s impact on manufacturing competitiveness but not specifically on agriculture.
- 2015 Q. 7 (Meaning of international resources): The source classifies resources as international but does not provide a definition.
- 2015 Q. 13 (“Iron and Steel industry could not develop fully in India.” Give any two reasons): Reasons for the lack of full development are not specified in the sources, only location factors.
- 2017 Sp Supp Q. 8 (Explain vulnerable species): The sources define biodiversity and list endangered species, but do not provide the specific definition for vulnerable species.
- 2018 Q. 12 (Scheme name for Tanka construction): The source describes the Tanka but does not name the specific government scheme.
- 2019 Q. 14 (Matching coal types to quantity of carbon): The sources describe coal quality (e.g., Anthracite is highest quality, Peat is low carbon) but do not provide the required quantitative data or matching list.
- 2019 Q. 17 (Importance of internet—four points): The sources mention the internet as a key communication medium but do not elaborate on four distinct points of importance.
- 2024 Q. 1(viii) (Air transport nationalization year): The date of nationalization is not provided in the sources.