Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
Cultural engagement in the development of nationalism was named romanticism. The following are examples of romanticism: –
(a) Folk Culture: – German philosopher Yohan Godfried Harder claimed that romantic German culture was rooted in his common people. He propagated the spirit of the German nation through folk music, folk poetry and folk dances.
(b) Language: – Language played an important role in the development of nationalism in Poland. The Polish language was prohibited in Russia’s occupied parts of Poland. He was punished when the clergy refused to speak Russian. Thus the Polish language came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian domination.
(c) Music: – Carole Kurpinski, a Polish citizen, praised the national struggle for her operas and musicals and turned folklore such as Paulines and Majurka into national symbols.
Write in brief
1. Write a note on:
a) Guiseppe Mazzini
b) Count Camillo de Cavour
c) The Greek war of independence
d) Frankfurt parliament
e) The role of women in nationalist struggles
2. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective
identity among the French people?
3. Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in
which they were portrayed?
4. Briefly trace the process of German unification.
5. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more
efficient in the territories ruled by him?
Discuss
1. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social
and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
2. Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism
in Europe.
3. Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth
century.
4. How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
5. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?