study Public works of Firoz Shah Tughlaq : Public Works of Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388 CE) Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s reign (1351–1388) is distinctively marked by an extensive program of public works, infrastructure development, and welfare measures, setting him apart as the greatest builder of the Tughlaq dynasty. His contributions spanned urban planning, agriculture, welfare, and the restoration of … Read more
Administrative and Economic Reforms of Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Balban and Alauddin Khilji. Administrative and Economic Reforms of Early Delhi Sultans I. Qutubuddin Aibak (1206–1210 CE) Qutubuddin Aibak was the founder of the first independent Turkish kingdom in northern India (Mamluk Dynasty). Administrative and Political Measures: Economic and Fiscal Measures: II. Iltutmish (1211–1236 CE) Shams ud-Din … Read more
The role of the Sultan in socio-economic developments throughout the Delhi Sultanate period (1206-1526 AD) was central, characterized by direct intervention in economic policy, patronage of culture and learning, and large-scale public works. The Sultans acted as the supreme political, military, and legal authority, attempting to mobilize human and material resources and consolidate the political … Read more
The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 AD) The Delhi Sultanate was a late medieval empire based primarily in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries, specifically between 1206 A.D. and 1526 A.D.. The Sultanate was established in the former Ghurid territories in India. It was finally succeeded by the … Read more
Pre-Muslim Indian Society Pre-Muslim Indian Society (Pre-13th Century) I. Historical and Economic Context II. Social Structure: Varna and Caste III. Status of Women Analogy for Social Transformation: The transition from the ancient/early historical phase to the society found just before the Muslim conquest can be seen metaphorically as an intricate, highly centralized machine (the centralized … Read more
ये नोट्स दिल्ली सल्तनत (Delhi Sultanate) (सी. 1206-1526 ईस्वी) नामक मुस्लिम राजवंश के स्रोत, राज्य और समाज के प्रमुख पहलुओं का सारांश प्रस्तुत करते हैं। परिचय: मुस्लिम राजवंश के स्रोत, राज्य और समाज I. संदर्भ और अवधि (Context and Period) II. इतिहास के स्रोत (Sources of History) प्राचीन भारत के इतिहास की तुलना में, मध्यकालीन … Read more
Introduction: Sources, State and Society of Muslim Dynasty I. Context and Period II. Sources of History (Survey of Sources) Compared to ancient India, a large number of reliable sources are available for the history of the medieval period, offering insight into conditions related to architecture, literature, commerce, and culture. A. Literary Sources (The Persian Tarikh … Read more
भूकम्पविभीषिका हिंदी अनुवाद 1. प्रस्तुतः पाठः — यथावत अनुवाद: प्रस्तुत पाठ 2. अस्माकं वातावरणे सम्भाव्यमानप्रकोपेषु अन्यतमा भूकम्पस्य विभीषिका द्योतयति। अनुवाद:हमारे वातावरण में संभावित प्रकोपों (आफतों) में से एक भूकम्प की भयावहता को प्रकट करता है। 3. प्रकृतौ जायमानाः आपदः भयावहप्रलय समुत्पाद्य मानवजीवन सत्रासयन्ति। अनुवाद:प्रकृति में उत्पन्न होने वाली आपदाएँ भयंकर विनाश पैदा करके मानव जीवन … Read more
Class11 Biology Half Yearly Model Paper Model Question Paper: 11th Biology SECTION A: Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark Each) Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence. SECTION B: Short Answer Type I (2 Marks Each) SECTION C: Short Answer Type II (3 Marks Each) SECTION D: Long Answer Questions (5 Marks … Read more
Class 10 Geography important Questions Year Question Number Question Text 2013 Q. 7 Write two characteristics of Black soil. 2013 Q. 8 Give two suggestions to survival of endangered species of wildlife. 2013 Q. 9 Explain the multipurpose projects. 2013 Q. 10 Match the following: Non-conventional sources of energy (Solar energy, Wind energy, Tidal energy, … Read more