1.
What is the focus of the chapter?
(a) Post-Soviet Economic Policies
(b) India’s Role in International Politics
(c) Restructuring of International Organizations
(d) Rise of US Military Power
Answer
Answer: (c) Restructuring of International Organizations
2.
What does the emblem of the United Nations signify?
(a) Military Power
(b) Economic Prosperity
(c) World Peace
(d) National Sovereignty
Answer
Answer: (c) World Peace
3.
What specific case is discussed regarding the reform process in the chapter?
(a) Rise of US Power
(b) Collapse of the Soviet Union
(c) India’s Involvement in the UN
(d) United Nations Security Council Reform
Answer
Answer: (d) United Nations Security Council Reform
4.
What is the emblem of the United Nations depicted in the chapter?
(a) Dove with Olive Branch
(b) World Map with Olive Branches
(c) United Nations Flag
(d) Earth with Peace Symbol
Answer
Answer: (b) World Map with Olive Branches
5.
What role does the United Nations emblem attribute to olive branches?
(a) Environmental Conservation
(b) Economic Development
(c) World Peace
(d) Scientific Progress
Answer
Answer: (c) World Peace
6.
What is the primary focus of India’s involvement in the UN according to the chapter?
(a) Military Alliances
(b) Economic Dominance
(c) Cultural Exchange
(d) Security Council Reforms
Answer
Answer: (d) Security Council Reforms
7.
What is the emblem’s symbolism regarding peace?
(a) Olive Branches
(b) Gun Symbol
(c) Handshake
(d) World Map
Answer
Answer: (a) Olive Branches
8.
What is the concluding question of the chapter?
(a) Can India become a superpower?
(b) Is the UN relevant in a unipolar world?
(c) How can economic challenges be addressed?
(d) What is the future of military alliances?
Answer
Answer: (b) Is the UN relevant in a unipolar world?
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9.
What is the primary focus of the two cartoons?
(a) Praise for UN’s Effectiveness
(b) Criticism of UN’s Role in Lebanon Crisis
(c) UN’s Efforts in Promoting Peace
(d) General Observations about International Organisations
Answer
Answer: (b) Criticism of UN’s Role in Lebanon Crisis
10.
According to Dag Hammarskjold, what was the purpose of creating the United Nations?
(a) To achieve global prosperity
(b) To take humanity to heaven
(c) To bore each other with speeches
(d) To save humanity from hell
Answer
Answer: (d) To save humanity from hell
11.
What analogy does Shashi Tharoor use to describe the UN’s role?
(a) A marketplace
(b) A battlefield
(c) A talking shop
(d) A peace haven
Answer
Answer: (c) A talking shop
12.
What does Shashi Tharoor suggest is better than war?
(a) Mutual cooperation
(b) Jaw-jaw (speeches and discussions)
(c) Military alliances
(d) Economic agreements
Answer
Answer: (b) Jaw-jaw (speeches and discussions)
13.
What is the view of many people around the world regarding the UN?
(a) It is ineffective and unnecessary
(b) It represents the great hope of humanity
(c) It is a talking shop
(d) It promotes war
Answer
Answer: (b) It represents the great hope of humanity
14.
What is the primary function of international organisations according to the passage?
(a) To create heaven on earth
(b) To save humanity from war
(c) To bore each other with speeches
(d) To engage in military alliances
Answer
Answer: (b) To save humanity from war
15.
What analogy does Churchill use in connection with the UN?
(a) Military Alliance
(b) Peace Declaration
(c) Jaw-jaw (speeches and discussions)
(d) War-war
Answer
Answer: (c) Jaw-jaw (speeches and discussions)
16.
What does the passage suggest about international organisations?
(a) They are the answer to everything
(b) They are ineffective and unnecessary
(c) They are important for matters of war and peace
(d) They are irrelevant in today’s world
Answer
Answer: (c) They are important for matters of war and peace
17.
What is the primary role of an international organisation according to the passage?
(a) To impose authority over member states
(b) To create conflicts among nations
(c) To find peaceful solutions to conflicts
(d) To act as a super-state
Answer
Answer: (c) To find peaceful solutions to conflicts
18.
How are international organisations created?
(a) By imposing authority over member states
(b) By responding to conflicts
(c) When states agree to their creation
(d) By acting as a super-state
Answer
Answer: (c) When states agree to their creation
19.
What does the passage suggest about the resolution of conflicts and differences between countries?
(a) They always lead to war
(b) They can only be resolved by international organisations
(c) They are rarely noticed
(d) They can be resolved peacefully through discussion
Answer
Answer: (d) They can be resolved peacefully through discussion
20.
What is given as an example of an issue that requires global cooperation?
(a) Military alliances
(b) Global warming
(c) Disease eradication
(d) Inoculation strategies
Answer
Answer: (b) Global warming
21.
Why does the passage mention disease and global warming?
(a) To create fear among nations
(b) To highlight the role of international organisations
(c) To emphasize the importance of military alliances
(d) To promote conflict among nations
Answer
Answer: (b) To highlight the role of international organisations
22.
What is the primary challenge nations face even when recognizing the need for cooperation?
(a) Identifying potential cooperative partners
(b) Agreeing on the benefits of cooperation
(c) Resolving conflicts of interest in cooperation
(d) Ensuring the absence of international organisations
Answer
Answer: (c) Resolving conflicts of interest in cooperation
23.
What role can an international organisation play in facilitating cooperation among nations?
(a) Imposing authority over member states
(b) Creating conflicts between nations
(c) Providing mechanisms, rules, and bureaucracy
(d) Enhancing military alliances
Answer
Answer: (c) Providing mechanisms, rules, and bureaucracy
24.
What can an international organisation help members with to build confidence in cooperation?
(a) Ensuring sole benefits for certain members
(b) Sharing costs of cooperating
(c) Avoiding information and idea exchange
(d) Encouraging individual member agreements
Answer
Answer: (b) Sharing costs of cooperating
25.
What is the concern mentioned in the passage regarding the end of the Cold War?
(a) Fear of nuclear conflict
(b) Concern about rising global temperatures
(c) Apprehension about unchecked Western power
(d) Anxiety regarding the return of the Cold War
Answer
Answer: (c) Apprehension about unchecked Western power
26.
What aspect of the United States’ power does the passage question?
(a) Military strength
(b) Economic influence
(c) Political dominance
(d) Cultural impact
Answer
Answer: (c) Political dominance
27.
Why was the League of Nations created after the First World War?
(a) To encourage economic development
(b) To prevent the Second World War
(c) To facilitate international cooperation
(d) To address social inequalities
Answer
Answer: (b) To prevent the Second World War
28.
What led to the establishment of the United Nations?
(a) The success of the League of Nations
(b) The failure of the League of Nations
(c) Economic development worldwide
(d) A need for social equality
Answer
Answer: (b) The failure of the League of Nations
29.
When was the United Nations established?
(a) 1939
(b) 1945
(c) 1918
(d) 1950
Answer
Answer: (b) 1945
30.
How many states signed the United Nations Charter during its establishment?
(a) 31
(b) 41
(c) 51
(d) 61
Answer
Answer: (c) 51
31.
What is the primary objective of the United Nations?
(a) Promoting economic development
(b) Preventing international conflict
(c) Facilitating social equality
(d) Encouraging individual state sovereignty
Answer
Answer: (b) Preventing international conflict
32.
What did the UN hope to achieve regarding conflicts between states?
(a) Escalate conflicts into war
(b) Limit the extent of hostilities
(c) Promote individual state interests
(d) Encourage social conflicts
Answer
Answer: (b) Limit the extent of hostilities
33.
Why was the UN intended to bring countries together?
(a) To increase social inequalities
(b) To discourage economic development
(c) To improve social and economic development worldwide
(d) To promote individual state interests
Answer
Answer: (c) To improve social and economic development worldwide
34.
What was the primary hope associated with the foundation of the UN?
(a) Economic competition among states
(b) Peaceful resolution of conflicts
(c) Escalation of hostilities
(d) Social inequality among nations
Answer
Answer: (b) Peaceful resolution of conflicts
35.
How many member states did the UN have by 2011?
(a) 150
(b) 180
(c) 193
(d) 200
Answer
Answer: (c) 193
36.
How many votes does each member have in the UN General Assembly?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Proportional to population
(d) None
Answer
Answer: (a) One
37.
How many permanent members are there in the UN Security Council?
(a) Three
(b) Four
(c) Five
(d) Six
Answer
Answer: (c) Five
38.
Which country is NOT one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council?
(a) United States
(b) Russia
(c) Germany
(d) China
Answer
Answer: (c) Germany
39.
Who is the current Secretary-General of the UN?
(a) Kofi Annan
(b) Ban Ki-moon
(c) António Guterres
(d) Dag Hammarskjold
Answer
Answer: (c) António Guterres
40.
What number Secretary-General is António Guterres?
(a) Seventh
(b) Eighth
(c) Ninth
(d) Tenth
Answer
Answer: (c) Ninth
41.
Which country did António Guterres serve as the Prime Minister?
(a) France
(b) Portugal
(c) United States
(d) China
Answer
Answer: (b) Portugal
42.
What was the main criterion for selecting the permanent members of the UN Security Council?
(a) Proximity to the equator
(b) Military power
(c) Economic development
(d) Power immediately after the Second World War
Answer
Answer: (d) Power immediately after the Second World War
43.
Which UN structure discusses issues related to war, peace, and differences between member states?
(a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(b) United Nations General Assembly
(c) World Health Organisation (WHO)
(d) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
Answer
Answer: (b) United Nations General Assembly
44.
Which agency among the listed ones focuses on social and economic issues?
(a) United Nations Childr en’s Fund (UNICEF)
(b) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
(c) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
(d) United Nations Security Council
Answer
Answer: (b) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
45.
Which UN structure deals specifically with issues related to refugees?
(a) World Health Organisation (WHO)
(b) United Nations General Assembly
(c) United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)
(d) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
Answer
Answer: (c) United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)
46.
Which agency focuses on the well-being of children?
(a) World Health Organisation (WHO)
(b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(c) United Nations Childr en’s Fund (UNICEF)
(d) United Nations Security Council
Answer
Answer: (c) United Nations Childr en’s Fund (UNICEF)
47.
Which UN structure specifically addresses health-related matters?
(a) United Nations Childr en’s Fund (UNICEF)
(b) United Nations Security Council
(c) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
(d) World Health Organisation (WHO)
Answer
Answer: (d) World Health Organisation (WHO)
48.
Which UN structure is responsible for promoting human rights?
(a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(b) United Nations General Assembly
(c) United Nations Childr en’s Fund (UNICEF)
(d) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
Answer
Answer: (d) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
49.
Which UN structure plays a role in facilitating cooperation among states on social and economic development?
(a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(b) United Nations Security Council
(c) World Health Organisation (WHO)
(d) United Nations General Assembly
Answer
Answer: (a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
50.
Which UN structure is responsible for discussing issues related to war and peace?
(a) United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
(b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(c) United Nations General Assembly
(d) United Nations Security Council
Answer
Answer: (d) United Nations Security Council
51.
What is the primary focus of demands for reform within the UN?
(a) Environmental sustainability
(b) Social justice
(c) Educational reforms
(d) Structural and process improvements
Answer
Answer: (d) Structural and process improvements
52.
Which aspect of the UN’s reform has been a major topic of discussion?
(a) Economic policies
(b) Environmental initiatives
(c) Functioning of the Security Council
(d) Social justice programs
Answer
Answer: (c) Functioning of the Security Council
53.
What is the main demand concerning the UN Security Council’s membership?
(a) Reduction in membership
(b) No change in membership
(c) Increase in permanent and non-permanent membership
(d) Exclusion of certain regions
Answer
Answer: (c) Increase in permanent and non-permanent membership
54.
Which regions are proposed for increased representation in the UN Security Council?
(a) North America and Europe
(b) Asia, Africa, and South America
(c) Australia and Oceania
(d) Middle East and Central Asia
Answer
Answer: (b) Asia, Africa, and South America
55.
What do the US and other Western countries specifically want in UN reform?
(a) Reduction in the UN’s role
(b) Increase in administrative costs
(c) Improvements in budgetary procedures and administration
(d) Expansion of peace and security missions
Answer
Answer: (c) Improvements in budgetary procedures and administration
56.
What is the main debate regarding the UN’s role in the mentioned reforms?
(a) Whether the UN should focus on war only
(b) Whether the UN should confine its role to development and humanitarian work
(c) Whether the UN should withdraw from international affairs
(d) Whether the UN should prioritize cultural initiatives
Answer
Answer: (b) Whether the UN should confine its role to development and humanitarian work
57.
What is the current state of consensus regarding UN reforms?
(a) Universal agreement on the nature of reforms
(b) Widespread disagreement on the necessity of reforms
(c) Consensus on what, how, and when reforms should be implemented
(d) Little clarity and consensus on the nature of reforms
Answer
Answer: (d) Little clarity and consensus on the nature of reforms
58.
What is the fundamental objective of the UN’s formation?
(a) To enforce world laws
(b) To promote cultural exchange
(c) To prevent international conflict and facilitate cooperation
(d) To establish a global government
Answer
Answer: (c) To prevent international conflict and facilitate cooperation
59.
What is the primary function of the UN Security Council?
(a) Administrative oversight
(b) Economic development
(c) Peacekeeping and security
(d) Cultural preservation
Answer
Answer: (c) Peacekeeping and security
60.
Who is the current Secretary-General of the UN?
(a) Kofi Annan
(b) Ban Ki-moon
(c) António Guterres
(d) Dag Hammarskjold
Answer
Answer: (c) António Guterres
61.
What is the primary focus of the reforms discussed in the passage?
(a) Economic development
(b) Environmental sustainability
(c) Reform of structures and processes of the UN
(d) Cultural exchange initiatives
Answer
Answer: (c) Reform of structures and processes of the UN
62.
When was the UN established?
(a) 1945
(b) 1950
(c) 1960
(d) 1989
Answer
Answer: (a) 1945
63.
What significant event marked the end of the Cold War?
(a) Collapse of the Soviet Union
(b) Formation of the UN
(c) Emergence of China as a great power
(d) Rapid growth of India’s economy
Answer
Answer: (a) Collapse of the Soviet Union
64.
Which country is mentioned as the strongest power after the Cold War?
(a) Russia
(b) China
(c) India
(d) United States
Answer
Answer: (d) United States
65.
What is the current cooperative relationship between Russia and the US?
(a) Hostile
(b) Competitive
(c) Neutral
(d) Cooperative
Answer
Answer: (d) Cooperative
66.
Which two countries are mentioned as fast emerging as great powers?
(a) China and Russia
(b) India and China
(c) Russia and India
(d) United States and China
Answer
Answer: (b) India and China
67.
What set of challenges confront the world after the Cold War?
(a) Economic challenges
(b) Political challenges
(c) Social challenges
(d) A whole new set of challenges (genocide, civil war, ethnic conflict, terrorism, nuclear proliferation, climate change, environmental degradation, epidemics)
Answer
Answer: (d) A whole new set of challenges (genocide, civil war, ethnic conflict, terrorism, nuclear proliferation, climate change, environmental degradation, epidemics)
68.
What has been the focus of member states for the past decade and a half?
(a) Environmental conservation
(b) Economic development
(c) Finding answers to reforming the UN
(d) Addressing cultural exchange
Answer
Answer: (c) Finding answers to reforming the UN
69.
What is the primary focus of the debate discussed in the passage?
(a) Economic development
(b) Reform of the UN Security Council
(c) Human rights advocacy
(d) Military interventions
Answer
Answer: (b) Reform of the UN Security Council
70.
When did the UN General Assembly adopt a resolution on the reform of the Security Council?
(a) 1997
(b) 1992
(c) 1985
(d) 2000
Answer
Answer: (b) 1992
71.
What are the three main complaints reflected in the resolution adopted in 1992?
(a) Lack of military power, economic power, and population
(b) Dominance by Western values, lack of equitable representation, and reflecting only a few powers
(c) Insufficient focus on human rights, democracy, and cultural diversity
(d) Lack of global cooperation, insufficient contributions to the UN budget, and absence of major economic powers
Answer
Answer: (b) Dominance by Western values, lack of equitable representation, and reflecting only a few powers
72.
Who initiated an inquiry into the reform of the UN on January 1, 1997?
(a) UN General Assembly
(b) UN Security Council
(c) Kofi Annan, the UN Secretary-General
(d) A coalition of member states
Answer
Answer: (c) Kofi Annan, the UN Secretary-General
73.
What are some of the proposed criteria for new permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council?
(a) Major military power and population
(b) Equitable representation and global cooperation
(c) Respect for democracy, human rights, and cultural diversity
(d) Major economic power, military power, UN budget contribution, population, and respect for democracy and human rights
Answer
Answer: (d) Major economic power, military power, UN budget contribution, population, and respect for democracy and human rights
74.
What does the passage suggest is difficult despite widespread support for reform?
(a) Implementing military interventions
(b) Achieving economic development
(c) Agreeing on specific reforms
(d) Advocating for human rights
Answer
Answer: (c) Agreeing on specific reforms
75.
What role does Kofi Annan play in the reform process?
(a) UN Ambassador
(b) Secretary-General of the UN
(c) Leader of the UN Security Council
(d) Chairman of the UN General Assembly
Answer
Answer: (b) Secretary-General of the UN
76.
What aspect of the UN is primarily discussed in the passage?
(a) Role in economic development
(b) Role in military interventions
(c) Reform of structures and processes, with an emphasis on the UN Security Council
(d) Cultural exchange initiatives
Answer
Answer: (c) Reform of structures and processes, with an emphasis on the UN Security Council
77.
What is the primary focus of the passage?
(a) Criteria for joining the UN
(b) The role of democracy in international organizations
(c) Challenges in equitable representation
(d) Economic and military power of nations
Answer
Answer: (a) Criteria for joining the UN
78.
What concerns are raised regarding the criteria for UN Security Council membership?
(a) Unequal representation and economic disparities
(b) Lack of criteria and transparency
(c) Overemphasis on democracy and human rights
(d) Cultural conflicts among member nations
Answer
Answer: (a) Unequal representation and economic disparities
79.
According to the passage, what could be a potential issue with using population size as a criterion?
(a) Large populations could lead to a country’s exclusion
(b) Population size may not determine a country’s role in the world
(c) Small populations are a disadvantage for Security Council membership
(d) Populous countries automatically qualify for Security Council seats
Answer
Answer: (b) Population size may not determine a country’s role in the world
80.
How does the passage question the issue of equitable representation?
(a) By suggesting representation by regions rather than continents
(b) By proposing equal representation for all countries
(c) By advocating for representation based on cultural diversity
(d) By recommending representation based on military power
Answer
Answer: (a) By suggesting representation by regions rather than continents
81.
How is the issue of representation suggested to be resolved?
(a) By geographical regions or subregions
(b) By economic development levels
(c) By civilizational or cultural divisions
(d) By democratic values
Answer
Answer: (a) By geographical regions or subregions
82.
What is the main difficulty in dividing the world by civilizations or cultures?
(a) Lack of cultural diversity
(b) Nations have too many cultural streams within their borders
(c) Clear demarcation of cultural boundaries
(d) Limited influence of cultures on international relations
Answer
Answer: (b) Nations have too many cultural streams within their borders
83.
What is the overarching challenge discussed in the passage?
(a) Achieving global democracy
(b) Overcoming economic disparities
(c) Deciding on criteria for UN membership
(d) Ensuring cultural harmony in international relations
Answer
Answer: (c) Deciding on criteria for UN membership
84.
Why is the issue of criteria for UN membership considered problematic?
(a) Lack of interest from member countries
(b) Disagreements on the importance of criteria
(c) Presence of clear and universally accepted criteria
(d) Uniform support for all proposed criteria
Answer
Answer: (b) Disagreements on the importance of criteria
85.
What is the main issue discussed regarding the UN Security Council membership?
(a) Abolishing non-permanent seats
(b) Modifying the veto power of permanent members
(c) Changing the tenure of non-permanent members
(d) Expanding the number of permanent members
Answer
Answer: (b) Modifying the veto power of permanent members
86.
What privileges do the permanent members of the Security Council have?
(a) Longer tenure and extra voting power
(b) Veto power and permanency
(c) Re-election for consecutive terms
(d) Exclusive representation of continents
Answer
Answer: (b) Veto power and permanency
87.
What is the role of non-permanent members in the Security Council?
(a) They have veto power
(b) They serve for longer terms than permanent members
(c) They represent all continents for short terms
(d) They make decisions without voting
Answer
Answer: (c) They represent all continents for short terms
88.
What is the significance of the veto power in the Security Council?
(a) It allows for unanimous decision-making
(b) It gives extra voting power to non-permanent members
(c) It can prevent a decision even if all others support it
(d) It ensures the permanent members serve longer terms
Answer
Answer: (c) It can prevent a decision even if all others support it
89.
Why is there hesitation to abolish or modify the veto system?
(a) Lack of interest from non-permanent members
(b) Fear of permanent members losing interest in the UN
(c) Concerns about overuse of veto power
(d) Unanimous support from member countries
Answer
Answer: (b) Fear of permanent members losing interest in the UN
90.
What does the passage suggest would happen without the veto power?
(a) Increased interest from great powers
(b) Greater effectiveness of the world body
(c) A decline in the involvement and support of great powers
(d) Enhanced decision-making in the Security Council
Answer
Answer: (c) A decline in the involvement and support of great powers
91.
What is the main argument against the veto system?
(a) It contradicts democratic principles
(b) It favors non-permanent members
(c) It slows down decision-making
(d) It hinders the involvement of great powers
Answer
Answer: (a) It contradicts democratic principles
92.
What challenge is posed by the issue of equitable representation?
(a) The difficulty of determining levels of economic development
(b) The need to balance different cultures and civilizations
(c) The conflict between continents and subregions
(d) The resistance from permanent members
Answer
Answer: (b) The need to balance different cultures and civilizations
93.
What event prompted the heads of all UN member-states to meet in September 2005?
(a) UN’s 50th anniversary
(b) Completion of 60 years of UN existence
(c) End of the Cold War
(d) Formation of the Security Council
Answer
Answer: (b) Completion of 60 years of UN existence
94.
What was established as a result of the meeting in 2005 to make the UN more relevant?
(a) Trusteeship Council
(b) Security Council
(c) Democracy Fund
(d) Peacebuilding Commission
Answer
Answer: (d) Peacebuilding Commission
95.
When did the Human Rights Council become operational?
(a) 2001
(b) 2005
(c) 2006
(d) 2010
Answer
Answer: (c) 2006
96.
What is one of the agreements made during the 2005 meeting regarding development goals?
(a) Elimination of the Peacebuilding Commission
(b) Condemnation of terrorism
(c) Acceptance of national government failures
(d) Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Answer
Answer: (d) Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
97.
What issue is raised regarding the Peacebuilding Commission’s role?
(a) Lack of conflicts worldwide
(b) Intervention in every conflict
(c) Only intervention in regional conflicts
(d) Limited intervention scope
Answer
Answer: (b) Intervention in every conflict
98.
What responsibility did the international community accept in case of national government failures?
(a) Military intervention
(b) Financial support
(c) Humanitarian aid
(d) Protection from atrocities
Answer
Answer: (d) Protection from atrocities
99.
What organization became operational on June 19, 2006?
(a) World Health Organization
(b) United Nations Development Programme
(c) Human Rights Council
(d) Trusteeship Council
Answer
Answer: (c) Human Rights Council
100.
What is the focus of the Democracy Fund?
(a) Military interventions
(b) Promoting democracy
(c) Achieving development goals
(d) Eliminating terrorism
Answer
Answer: (b) Promoting democracy
101.
What decision was made about the Trusteeship Council?
(a) Establishment of a Democracy Fund
(b) Wind up the Trusteeship Council
(c) Expand the Trusteeship Council
(d) Abolish the Democracy Fund
Answer
Answer: (b) Wind up the Trusteeship Council
102.
What is one contentious issue related to the UN’s Millennium Development Goals?
(a) Achievability of goals
(b) Lack of financial support
(c) Veto power of permanent members
(d) Inadequate representation in the Security Council
Answer
Answer: (a) Achievability of goals
103.
What challenge is raised regarding human rights?
(a) Lack of understanding of human rights
(b) Difficulty in defining human rights violations
(c) Overemphasis on human rights
(d) Ignoring human rights violations
Answer
Answer: (b) Difficulty in defining human rights violations
104.
What aspect of terrorism is questioned?
(a) Definition of terrorism
(b) Elimination of terrorism
(c) Financing terrorism
(d) Political motives of terrorism
Answer
Answer: (a) Definition of terrorism
105.
What potential danger is associated with abolishing the veto power?
(a) Loss of interest in the world body
(b) Increased effectiveness of the world body
(c) Enhanced cooperation among member-states
(d) Improved decision-making in the Security Council
Answer
Answer: (a) Loss of interest in the world body
106.
What is a major privilege of the five permanent members of the Security Council?
(a) Limited term of office
(b) Veto power
(c) Election every two years
(d) Ineligibility for re-election
Answer
Answer: (b) Veto power
107.
Why was the idea of abolishing the veto system considered challenging?
(a) Lack of interest from the permanent members
(b) Unlikelihood of member-state agreement
(c) Increased effectiveness of the UN
(d) Global readiness for such a radical step
Answer
Answer: (b) Unlikelihood of member-state agreement
108.
Why does India support the restructuring of the UN?
(a) To decrease the influence of developing countries
(b) To maintain the status quo
(c) To strengthen and revitalize the UN
(d) To limit the role of the UN in development
Answer
Answer: (c) To strengthen and revitalize the UN
109.
What does India consider vital for the maintenance of international peace and security?
(a) Technological advancements
(b) Development
(c) Military strength
(d) Political alliances
Answer
Answer: (b) Development
110.
What is one of India’s major concerns about the Security Council’s composition?
(a) Lack of permanent members
(b) The overwhelming majority of developing countries
(c) Its expansion in 1965
(d) The static nature of the Council
Answer
Answer: (d) The static nature of the Council
111.
When was the membership of the UN Security Council last expanded?
(a) 1945
(b) 1965
(c) 2000
(d) 2020
Answer
Answer: (b) 1965
112.
What does India believe has harmed the representative character of the Security Council?
(a) The expansion of the General Assembly
(b) The lack of permanent members
(c) The static nature of the Council
(d) The overwhelming majority of developing countries
Answer
Answer: (c) The static nature of the Council
113.
What change in the Security Council’s composition does India support?
(a) Increase in the number of permanent members
(b) Decrease in the number of permanent members
(c) Removal of developing countries
(d) Reduction in non-permanent members
Answer
Answer: (a) Increase in the number of permanent members
114.
What argument does India put forth for an expanded Security Council?
(a) Greater opposition in the world community
(b) Reduced support in the world community
(c) Greater representation and support
(d) Lesser representation and support
Answer
Answer: (c) Greater representation and support
115.
What does India believe is necessary for the success of the Security Council’s actions?
(a) Geographical representation
(b) Economic power
(c) Political support of the international community
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (c) Political support of the international community
116.
What role does India believe developing countries should have in the Security Council?
(a) No role
(b) Limited role
(c) Dominant role
(d) Equal role
Answer
Answer: (d) Equal role
117.
What does India advocate for in terms of the Security Council’s restructuring plan?
(a) Plan based on economic power
(b) Plan confined to Western countries
(c) Broad-based plan inclusive of developing countries
(d) Plan excluding non-permanent members
Answer
Answer: (c) Broad-based plan inclusive of developing countries
118.
What does India consider necessary for any restructuring of the Security Council?
(a) Economic considerations
(b) Geographical considerations
(c) Broad-based support
(d) Opposition from developing countries
Answer
Answer: (c) Broad-based support
119.
What is India’s stance on the expansion of the Security Council’s membership?
(a) Support for non-permanent members only
(b) Opposition to any expansion
(c) Support for both permanent and non-permanent members
(d) Support for permanent members only
Answer
Answer: (c) Support for both permanent and non-permanent members
120.
What does India argue will lead to greater support for the Security Council in the world community?
(a) Reduction in the number of developing countries
(b) The static nature of the Council
(c) Greater representation and support
(d) Lesser representation and support
Answer
Answer: (c) Greater representation and support
121.
What argument does India put forth for an expanded Security Council?
(a) Greater opposition in the world community
(b) Reduced support in the world community
(c) Greater representation and support
(d) Lesser representation and support
Answer
Answer: (c) Greater representation and support
122.
What does India believe is necessary for the success of the Security Council’s actions?
(a) Geographical representation
(b) Economic power
(c) Political support of the international community
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (c) Political support of the international community
123.
What is the population rank of India in the world?
(a) Third
(b) Second
(c) Fourth
(d) Fifth
Answer
Answer: (b) Second
124.
Which factor is mentioned as justifying India’s claim to a permanent seat in the UN Security Council?
(a) Military strength
(b) Population size
(c) Cultural heritage
(d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (b) Population size
125.
What is highlighted as India’s role in the UN’s initiatives?
(a) Limited participation
(b) No participation
(c) Active participation
(d) Observational participation
Answer
Answer: (c) Active participation
126.
What is mentioned as one of the reasons justifying India’s claim to a permanent seat?
(a) Military interventions
(b) Economic emergence
(c) Cultural diversity
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (b) Economic emergence
127.
What is the symbolic importance of permanent membership in the UN Security Council?
(a) Economic advantages
(b) Military dominance
(c) Growing importance in world affairs
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (c) Growing importance in world affairs
128.
Which country’s representation is considered in opposition to India’s inclusion as a permanent member?
(a) Brazil
(b) Germany
(c) Japan
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
129.
Which continents are mentioned as not having representation in the current structure of the UN Security Council?
(a) Asia and Europe
(b) North America and Europe
(c) Africa and South America
(d) Australia and Antarctica
Answer
Answer: (c) Africa and South America
130.
What potential obstacle to India’s permanent membership is mentioned in the passage?
(a) Economic instability
(b) Political conflicts with Pakistan
(c) Lack of financial contributions to the UN
(d) Limited participation in peacekeeping efforts
Answer
Answer: (b) Political conflicts with Pakistan
131.
What advantage does the passage suggest for a country holding a permanent seat in the UN Security Council?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) Military superiority
(c) Greater status and influence in world affairs
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (c) Greater status and influence in world affairs
132.
What continent is suggested as requiring representation in any expansion of the permanent membership?
(a) Europe
(b) Asia
(c) Africa
(d) North America
Answer
Answer: (c) Africa
133.
What is the main concern expressed in the passage regarding the restructuring of the UN?
(a) Economic instability
(b) Unipolar world with US dominance
(c) Lack of financial contributions
(d) Influence of other superpowers
Answer
Answer: (b) Unipolar world with US dominance
134.
What is the hope of some countries regarding UN reforms mentioned in the passage?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) Military dominance
(c) Coping with a unipolar world
(d) Isolation from the US
Answer
Answer: (c) Coping with a unipolar world
135.
What is the concern raised about the UN’s ability to serve as a balance against US dominance?
(a) Lack of economic resources
(b) Unilateral decisions by the US
(c) Absence of serious rivals to the US
(d) Ineffective dialogue with the US
Answer
Answer: (b) Unilateral decisions by the US
136.
What factor makes it difficult to check the power of the US within the UN?
(a) Military interventions
(b) Economic instability
(c) Disappearance of the Soviet Union
(d) US military and economic power
Answer
Answer: (d) US military and economic power
137.
What gives the US considerable influence within the UN?
(a) Cultural diversity
(b) Veto power
(c) Economic contributions
(d) Political alliances
Answer
Answer: (b) Veto power
138.
What additional source of influence is mentioned for the US within the UN?
(a) Military strength
(b) Cultural heritage
(c) Physical location of the UN within the US
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (c) Physical location of the UN within the US
139.
How does the US use its veto power within the UN?
(a) To support all international initiatives
(b) To oppose any moves against its interests
(c) To encourage dialogue between nations
(d) To promote peacekeeping efforts
Answer
Answer: (b) To oppose any moves against its interests
140.
What role does the US play in the selection of the Secretary General of the UN?
(a) No role
(b) Limited role
(c) Considerable degree of influence
(d) Advisory role
Answer
Answer: (c) Considerable degree of influence
141.
How does the passage describe the US’s use of power to “split” the rest of the world?
(a) Encouraging unity
(b) Promoting diversity
(c) Creating division
(d) Enhancing collaboration
Answer
Answer: (c) Creating division
142.
What does the passage suggest about the disappearance of the Soviet Union?
(a) It led to a power vacuum
(b) It weakened the US
(c) It strengthened the UN
(d) It increased US dominance
Answer
Answer: (d) It increased US dominance
143.
What is the main point made about the UN’s role in balancing the power of the US?
(a) The UN effectively balances US power
(b) The UN is unable to balance US power
(c) The UN is a great counterforce to the US
(d) The UN only occasionally balances US power
Answer
Answer: (b) The UN is unable to balance US power
144.
What purpose does the passage suggest the UN serves for the US?
(a) A platform for criticism
(b) A space for unilateral decision-making
(c) A forum for discussions with over 190 nations
(d) A tool to enhance military power
Answer
Answer: (c) A forum for discussions with over 190 nations
145.
How does the passage describe the attitude of US leaders towards the UN?
(a) Supportive and appreciative
(b) Critical despite seeing a purpose
(c) Uninterested and dismissive
(d) Hostile and antagonistic
Answer
Answer: (b) Critical despite seeing a purpose
146.
According to the passage, what does the UN provide for the rest of the world?
(a) A platform to isolate the US
(b) A space to balance US power
(c) An arena to modify US attitudes and policies
(d) A tool for military collaboration
Answer
Answer: (c) An arena to modify US attitudes and policies
147.
How does the passage characterize the unity of the rest of the world against the US?
(a) Always united against Washington
(b) Rarely united against Washington
(c) United only in military matters
(d) Consistently balanced against US power
Answer
Answer: (b) Rarely united against Washington
148.
What does the passage state about the power of the US within the UN?
(a) Limited due to the influence of other nations
(b) Almost absolute with unmatched financial power
(c) Easily checked by other superpowers
(d) Non-existent since the Soviet Union’s disappearance
Answer
Answer: (b) Almost absolute with unmatched financial power
149.
What does the passage suggest about the importance of the UN in a world characterized by interdependence?
(a) Irrelevant and unnecessary
(b) Critical for maintaining peace
(c) Ineffective in addressing global issues
(d) Only applicable to certain regions
Answer
Answer: (b) Critical for maintaining peace
150.
What does the passage predict about the future importance of the UN?
(a) Decrease in importance
(b) Unchanged relevance
(c) Increase in importance due to technological advancements
(d) Dependence on the US for relevance
Answer
Answer: (c) Increase in importance due to technological advancements
151.
What event in 2006 is mentioned in the passage?
(a) The UN passing a resolution
(b) Israel’s attack on Lebanon
(c) Hezbollah’s militant activities
(d) The withdrawal of Israel’s army
Answer
Answer: (b) Israel’s attack on Lebanon
152.
What was Israel’s justification for attacking Lebanon?
(a) To control the UN
(b) To combat Hezbollah
(c) To protect civilians
(d) To expand its territory
Answer
Answer: (b) To combat Hezbollah
153.
When did the UN pass a resolution regarding the Israel-Lebanon conflict?
(a) June 2006
(b) July 2006
(c) August 2006
(d) October 2006
Answer
Answer: (c) August 2006
154.
What is the focus of the cartoons mentioned in the passage?
(a) The withdrawal of Israel’s army
(b) The role of the UN and its Secretary-General
(c) The militant activities of Hezbollah
(d) The killing of civilians in Lebanon
Answer
Answer: (b) The role of the UN and its Secretary-General
155.
What does the IMF oversee?
(a) National governments
(b) International financial institutions and regulations
(c) Local businesses
(d) Educational institutions
Answer
Answer: (b) International financial institutions and regulations
156.
How many member countries does the IMF have?
(a) 100
(b) 150
(c) 189
(d) 200
Answer
Answer: (c) 189
157.
What percentage of votes do the G-7 members collectively have in the IMF?
(a) 20.45%
(b) 35.75%
(c) 41.29%
(d) 50.67%
Answer
Answer: (c) 41.29%
158.
Which country among the G-7 members has the highest percentage of votes in the IMF?
(a) Japan
(b) US
(c) Germany
(d) France
Answer
Answer: (b) US
159.
Which of the following is not a G-7 member?
(a) Italy
(b) Canada
(c) China
(d) France
Answer
Answer: (c) China
160.
Which five countries are mentioned as other major members of the IMF?
(a) China, India, Russia, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia
(b) Japan, India, Germany, France, and Brazil
(c) Canada, Italy, China, India, and Russia
(d) US, UK, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Italy
Answer
Answer: (a) China, India, Russia, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia
161.
When was the Atlantic Charter signed?
(a) August 1942
(b) January 1943
(c) August 1941
(d) January 1945
Answer
Answer: (c) August 1941
162.
What event occurred in January 1942 as a result of the Atlantic Charter?
(a) Signing of the UN Charter
(b) Declaration by United Nations
(c) Tehran Conference
(d) Yalta Conference
Answer
Answer: (b) Declaration by United Nations
163.
Which conference in 1943 involved the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union?
(a) Atlantic Charter Conference
(b) Declaration by United Nations Conference
(c) Tehran Conference
(d) Yalta Conference
Answer
Answer: (c) Tehran Conference
164.
Which nations were part of the ‘Big Three’ at the Yalta Conference in 1945?
(a) US, Britain, and China
(b) US, Britain, and France
(c) US, Britain, and Soviet Union
(d) US, Britain, and India
Answer
Answer: (c) US, Britain, and Soviet Union
165.
What was decided at the Yalta Conference regarding the proposed world organisation?
(a) Formation of the United Nations
(b) Creation of the Atlantic Charter
(c) Establishment of the Axis Powers
(d) Declaration by United Nations
Answer
Answer: (a) Formation of the United Nations
166.
When was the UN Charter signed by 50 nations?
(a) April 1945
(b) May 1945
(c) June 1945
(d) July 1945
Answer
Answer: (c) June 1945
167.
How many nations initially signed the UN Charter on June 26, 1945?
(a) 48
(b) 49
(c) 50
(d) 51
Answer
Answer: (c) 50
168.
Which day is celebrated as UN Day?
(a) June 26
(b) October 24
(c) August 15
(d) December 10
Answer
Answer: (b) October 24
169.
When did India join the UN?
(a) October 24, 1945
(b) October 30,
1945
(c) November 15, 1945
(d) December 10, 1945
Answer
Answer: (b) October 30, 1945
170.
What does the poster created by the US Office of War Information during World War II reflect?
(a) The belligerent origins of the Axis Powers
(b) The flags of nations that were part of the Axis Powers
(c) The flags of nations that were part of the Allied Forces
(d) The declaration of war against the Axis Powers
Answer
Answer: (c) The flags of nations that were part of the Allied Forces
171.
Who served as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) U Thant
(d) Kurt Waldheim
Answer
Answer: (a) Trygve Lie
172.
Which Secretary-General was criticised for his role in Africa, particularly in the Congo crisis?
(a) Dag Hammarskjöld
(b) U Thant
(c) Kurt Waldheim
(d) Javier Perez de Cuellar
Answer
Answer: (a) Dag Hammarskjöld
173.
Who established the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) U Thant
(d) Kurt Waldheim
Answer
Answer: (c) U Thant
174.
Who faced serious disagreements leading to the US blocking a second term for him?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(d) Kofi A. Annan
Answer
Answer: (c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
175.
Who declared the US-led invasion of Iraq as an illegal act?
(a) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(b) Kofi A. Annan
(c) Ban Ki-moon
(d) António Guterres
Answer
Answer: (b) Kofi A. Annan
176.
Who served as the Secretary-General during 2007-2016?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) Ban Ki-moon
(d) António Guterres
Answer
Answer: (c) Ban Ki-moon
177.
Who focused on the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals?
(a) Kofi A. Annan
(b) Ban Ki-moon
(c) António Guterres
(d) Trygve Lie
Answer
Answer: (b) Ban Ki-moon
178.
Who served as the Secretary-General from 2017 onwards?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) António Guterres
(d) Kofi A. Annan
Answer
Answer: (c) António Guterres
179.
Who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize posthumously in 1961?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) U Thant
(d) Javier Perez de Cuellar
Answer
Answer: (b) Dag Hammarskjöld
180.
Who worked for the creation of UN Women?
(a) Ban Ki-moon
(b) Kofi A. Annan
(c) António Guterres
(d) Kurt Waldheim
Answer
Answer: (a) Ban Ki-moon
181.
Which Secretary-General faced opposition from China for a third term?
(a) Trygve Lie
(b) Dag Hammarskjöld
(c) Kurt Waldheim
(d) Ban Ki-moon
Answer
Answer: (c) Kurt Waldheim
182.
Who mediated between Britain and Argentina after the Falklands War?
(a) U Thant
(b) Javier Perez de Cuellar
(c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(d) António Guterres
Answer
Answer: (b) Javier Perez de Cuellar
183.
Who issued a report titled ‘An Agenda for Peace’?
(a) Kurt Waldheim
(b) Javier Perez de Cuellar
(c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(d) Kofi A. Annan
Answer
Answer: (c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
184.
Who was the second Asian to hold the post of Secretary-General?
(a) Dag Hammarskjöld
(b) Ban Ki-moon
(c) António Guterres
(d) U Thant
Answer
Answer: (b) Ban Ki-moon
185.
Who worked for peace in Cyprus, Afghanistan, and El Salvador?
(a) U Thant
(b) Javier Perez de Cuellar
(c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(d) Kofi A. Annan
Answer
Answer: (b) Javier Perez de Cuellar
186.
Who was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees during 2005–2015?
(a) Dag Hammarskjöld
(b) Ban Ki-moon
(c) António Guterres
(d) Kurt Waldheim
Answer
Answer: (c) António Guterres
187.
Who was the Secretary-General during 1992-1996?
(a) Kofi A. Annan
(b) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(c) Javier Perez de Cuellar
(d) Ban Ki-moon
Answer
Answer: (b) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
188.
Who was criticised for the UN failures in Bosnia, Somalia, and Rwanda?
(a) U Thant
(b) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(c) Javier Perez de Cuellar
(d) Ban Ki-moon
Answer
Answer: (b) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
189.
Who created the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria?
(a) Kofi A. Annan
(b) Ban Ki-moon
(c) António Guterres
(d) Kurt Waldheim
Answer
Answer: (a) Kofi A. Annan
190.
Who was awarded the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize?
(a) Kofi A. Annan
(b) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(c) Dag Hammarskjöld
(d) Trygve Lie
Answer
Answer: (a) Kofi A. Annan
191.
When was the World Bank created?
(a) 1939
(b) 1942
(c) 1944
(d) 1950
Answer
Answer: (c) 1944
192.
What is the primary focus of the World Bank’s activities?
(a) Military development
(b) Developed countries
(c) Developing countries
(d) Environmental conservation
Answer
Answer: (c) Developing countries
193.
What areas does the World Bank work on for human development?
(a) Military development
(b) Environmental protection
(c) Education and health
(d) Urban regeneration
Answer
Answer: (c) Education and health
194.
What does the World Bank provide to its member countries?
(a) Diplomatic support
(b) Military aid
(c) Loans and grants
(d) Technology transfer
Answer
Answer: (c) Loans and grants
195.
What is a common criticism of the World Bank?
(a) Lack of influence
(b) Overemphasis on military development
(c) Setting economic agenda for poorer nations
(d) Ignoring environmental issues
Answer
Answer: (c) Setting economic agenda for poorer nations
196.
In which areas does the World Bank focus its infrastructure development efforts?
(a) Space exploration
(b) Military bases
(c) Roads, urban regeneration, electricity
(d) Underwater habitats
Answer
Answer: (c) Roads, urban regeneration, electricity
197.
Which country was the top contributor to the UN regular budget in 2019?
(a) China
(b) USA
(c) Japan
(d) Germany
Answer
Answer: (b) USA
198.
What percentage of the UN regular budget did China contribute in 2019?
(a) 8.5%
(b) 12.0%
(c) 2.9%
(d) 22.0%
Answer
Answer: (b) 12.0%
199.
Which country ranked 21st in terms of contribution to the UN regular budget in 2019?
(a) India
(b) Sweden
(c) Argentina
(d) Switzerland
Answer
Answer: (a) India
200.
When was the World Trade Organisation (WTO) established?
(a) 1945
(b) 1960
(c) 1995
(d) 2000
Answer
Answer: (c) 1995
201.
What does WTO stand for?
(a) World Technology Organization
(b) World Tariff Organisation
(c) World Trade Organisation
(d) World Treaty Organisation
Answer
Answer: (c) World Trade Organisation
202.
How many members does the WTO have as of 29 July 2016?
(a) 100
(b) 150
(c) 164
(d) 200
Answer
Answer: (c) 164
203.
What was the predecessor to the World Trade Organisation (WTO)?
(a) United Nations
(b) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)
(c) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(d) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Answer
Answer: (b) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)
204.
How are decisions taken within the WTO?
(a) Majority vote
(b) Unanimously
(c) By the Secretary-General
(d) Through a lottery system
Answer
Answer: (b) Unanimously
205.
When was the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) established?
(a) 1945
(b) 1957
(c) 1960
(d) 1975
Answer
Answer: (b) 1957
206.
What was the purpose of establishing the IAEA?
(a) Military dominance
(b) Promotion of nuclear weapons
(c) Peaceful use of nuclear energy
(d) Territorial expansion
Answer
Answer: (c) Peaceful use of nuclear energy
207.
Whose proposal led to the establishment of the IAEA?
(a) Winston Churchill
(b) Franklin D. Roosevelt
(c) Dwight Eisenhower
(d) John F. Kennedy
Answer
Answer: (c) Dwight Eisenhower
208.
What is the primary goal of IAEA inspections?
(a) Territorial surveillance
(b) Military espionage
(c) Ensuring civilian use of nuclear energy
(d) Cybersecurity
Answer
Answer: (c) Ensuring civilian use of nuclear energy
209.
Which NGO campaigns for the protection of human rights worldwide?
(a) Greenpeace
(b) Amnesty International
(c) Doctors Without Borders
(d) Oxfam
Answer
Answer: (b) Amnesty International
210.
What is a major focus of Amnesty International’s reports?
(a) Economic development
(b) Environmental conservation
(c) Misconduct of government authorities
(d) Scientific research
Answer
Answer: (c) Misconduct of government authorities
211.
Which international human rights organisation is the largest in the United States?
(a) UNICEF
(b) Red Cross
(c) Human Rights Watch
(d) CARE International
Answer
Answer: (c) Human Rights Watch
212.
What is a common goal of both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch?
(a) Environmental conservation
(b) Advocacy for gender equality
(c) Research on economic policies
(d) Advocacy and research on human rights
Answer
Answer: (d) Advocacy and research on human rights
213.
What is the primary focus of Human Rights Watch campaigns?
(a) Animal rights
(b) Child welfare
(c) Research on economic development
(d) Drawing attention to human rights abuses
Answer
Answer: (d) Drawing attention to human rights abuses