resource and development class 10 notes geography chapter 1
Resource and Development
Class 10 Notes
Geography Chapter 1
Question 1 What are resources?
Answer: Anything that can be used to meet our needs and for which technology is available, which are economically feasible and culturally valid. is called a resource.
Question 2 Resources are the result of whose actions?
Answer: Resources are the result of human actions.
Question 3 On what basis resources can be classified?
Answer: Resources can be classified on the basis of origin, on the basis of availability, on the basis of ownership, on the basis of level of development etc.
Question 4 How are resources classified on the basis of origin?
Answer: On the basis of origin, resources are classified into biotic and abiotic.
Question 5 How are resources classified on the basis of availability?
Answer: On the basis of availability, resources are classified into renewable and non-renewable.
Question 6 How are resources classified on the basis of ownership?
Answer: On the basis of ownership, resources are classified into individual, community, national and international.
Question 7 How are resources classified on the basis of level of development?
Answer: On the basis of the level of development, resources are classified into potential, developed reserves and reserves.
Question 8 Into how many parts are resources mainly classified?
Answer: Resources are mainly classified into natural resources and human resources.
Question 9 Into how many parts are non-renewable resources classified?
Answer: Non-renewable resources are further classified into recyclable resources, non-renewable resources.
Question 10 Into how many parts are biological resources classified?
Answer: Bio-resources are classified into two parts (i) natural vegetation and (ii) wildlife.
Question 11 What are Bio-resources?
Answer: The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and in which life prevails, are called biological resources. Like humans, plants, animals etc.
Question 12 What are abiotic resources?
Answer: All those resources which are made up of non-living things are called non-living resources. Like rocks, metals etc.
Question 13 What are renewable resources?
Answer: Where are those resources which can be renewed or regenerated by physical, chemical or mechanical processes, where they go as renewable or replenishable resources. Like wind energy, water, wildlife etc.
Question 14 What are non-renewable resources?
Answer: Those resources which develop over a long geological interval, they get exhausted with one time use, are called non-renewable resources. Like coal, fossil fuels etc.
Question 15 What are Personal Resources?
Answer: Those resources which are owned by private persons are called personal resources.
Question 16 What are Community Resources?
Answer: The resources which are available to all the members of the community are called community owned resources. Like covered land, public park etc.
Question 17 What are the National Resources?
Answer: Technically all the resources found in the country are national, these resources are owned by the government of the country.
Question What are International Resources?
Answer: Ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles from the shoreline (Exclusive Economic Zone) are not owned by any country, these resources are called international resources.
Question 19 On the basis of level of development resources are classified into how many parts?:
Answer: On the basis of level of development resources can be classified as follows:-
potential resources
developed resources
Stock
Reserves
Question 20 What are potential resources?
Answer: The resources which are present in a region but have not been utilized are called potential resources. Examples wind energy and solar energy.
Q21 What do you understand by developed resource?
Answer: Resources which have been surveyed and their use has been determined in terms of quality and quantity are called developed resources.
Question 22 What is meant by Stock of resources?
Answer: The materials available in the environment which can satisfy human needs but are out of reach due to lack of appropriate technology are called reserves. We don’t have advanced technical knowledge to use them.
Ques 23 What do you understand by reserves of resources?
Answer: This resource is the part of the reserves, which can be put to use with the help of available technical knowledge, but their use has not started yet, is called reserves.
Question 24 What is the importance of resources in human life?
Answer: Resources are essential for the survival of human beings. At the same time, resources are also very important to maintain the quality of life.
Question 25 Mention the main problems arising out of indiscriminate use of resources.
Answer: The resources are getting depleted due to greed of some people.
The unequal distribution of resources led to the division of the society into rich and poor.
The indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to a global ecological crisis.
Question 26 What is meant by sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development means that the development takes place without harming the environment and the present development process does not ignore the needs of the future generations.
Question 27 When did the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit take place?
Answer: The Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit took place in June 1992.
Question 28 Where did the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit take place?
Answer: It happened in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Question 29 How many countries participated in the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit?
Answer: More than 100 nations participated in the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit.
Question 30 Why was the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit organized?
Answer: This conference was organized to find solutions to the problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development emerging globally.
Question 31 Which declaration was signed by the leaders gathered at the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit?
Answer: Signed a declaration on global climate change and biological diversity.
Question 32 What principles were agreed upon in the Rio summit?
Answer: The Global Forest Principles were agreed upon in the Rio Conference.
Question 33 Which agenda was approved in the Rio conference?
Answer: Agenda-21 for Sustainable Development was approved in the Rio Conference.
Q34 What is Agenda-21?
Answer: Agenda-21 is a declaration adopted by the Heads of State under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Development Conference in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
Q.35 What is the objective of Agenda-21?
Answer: Its objective is to achieve global sustainable environmental development.
Question 36 What is the main objective of Agenda-21?
Answer: The main objective of Agenda-21 is that each local body should prepare its own Local Agenda-21.
Question 37 Give the full name of UNCED.
Answer: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
Question 38 What is resource planning?
Answer: Planning is a widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.
Question 39 Which states of India have abundant reserves of minerals and coal?
Answer: There are abundant deposits of minerals and coal in the provinces of North Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh etc.
Question 40 Which state of India has abundance of wind and solar energy resources but lack of water resources?
Answer: Rajasthan
Question 41 How is the desert of Ladakh?
Answer: The desert of Ladakh is a cold desert.
Q42 Where is the need for resource planning?
Answer: There is a need for balanced resource planning at the national, provincial, regional and local levels.
Q43 What is the process of resource planning?
Answer: Resource planning is a complex process
Question 44 How many steps are there in resource planning, name them
Answer: There are three steps of resource planning:-
(1) Identifying and making tables of resources in different regions of the country.
(2) To create appropriate technology, skill and institutional planning framework for implementing resource development plans.
(3) To coordinate the resource development plans and the national development plan.
Question 45 Since when were the efforts started to fulfil the objective of resource planning in India?
Answer: Efforts were made to fulfil the purpose of resource planning in India from the first five year plan itself.
Question 46 State an essential condition for the development of a region.
Answer: Availability of resources is a necessary condition for the development of any region.
Question 47 What does the history of colonisation tell us?
Answer: The history of colonisation tells us that the resource-rich territories in the colonies have been the main attraction for foreign invaders.
Question 48 When can resources contribute to the development of a state?
Answer: When there have been appropriate technology developments and institutional changes.
Question 49 What problems can arise due to judicious consumption and overuse of resources?
Answer: Many socio-economic and environmental problems can arise due to judicious consumption and overuse of resources.
Question 50 In what words did Gandhiji express his concern over the conservation of resources?
Answer: Gandhiji, while expressing concern about resources, said that “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.”
Question 51 According to Gandhiji, who is responsible for resource depletion globally?
Answer: According to Gandhiji, greedy and selfish persons and exploitative tendencies of modern technology are responsible.
Question 52 Who and when advocated for resource conservation in an internationally systematic manner?
Answer: Club of Rome in 1968.
Question 53 In which of his books did Schumacher recount Gandhian philosophy?
Answer: In his 1974 book “Small is Beautiful”.
Question 54 In 1987, which report made a fundamental contribution to resource conservation at the global level?
Answer: Brundtland Commission Report
Question 55 How did the Brundtland Commission report contribute?
Answer: The Brundtland Commission report presented the concept of sustainable development and advocated resource conservation.
Question 56 Under what title was the Brundtland Commission report published in book form?
Answer: Book titled “Our Common Future”.
Question 57 What kind of resource is land?
Answer: Land is a natural resource. Land is a limited resource.
Question 58 Approximately what percentage of the land area in India is plain?
Answer: About 43% of the land area.
Question 59 About what percentage of the land area in India is mountains?
Answer: About 30% of the land area.
Question 60 About what percentage of the country’s area is plateau area?
Answer: About 27% of the area.
Question 61 For what purposes are land resources used?
Answer: Land resources are used for the following purposes –
(1) forest
(2) Land unavailable for agriculture
(3) Uncultivable land other than fallow land
(4) fallow land
(5) net sown area
Question 62 Mention the types of land unavailable for agriculture.
Answer: (1) Barren and waste land
(2) Land for non-agricultural uses: such as buildings, roads, industries etc.
Question 63 Give the types of uncultivable land other than fallow land.
Answer: (1) Permanent pastures and other grazing lands
(2) Land under miscellaneous trees, tree crops and groves (not included in net sown area)
(3) Cultruable waste land which has not been cultivated for more than five years.
Question 64 Name the types of fallow land, what is called gross agricultural area?
Answer: (1) current fallow (where no cultivation has been done for one agricultural year or less)
(2) other than current fallow (where one to five agricultural years have not been cultivated)
Question 65 What is called Gross Cultivated Area (Gross Sown Area)?
Answer: If the area sown more than once in an agricultural year is added to the net sown area, then it is called gross cultivated area (gross sown area).
Question 66 Into how many parts are the elements that determine land use divided?
Answer: Physical factors and human factors.
Question 67 What are the physical factors that determine land use?
Answer: topography, climate and soil types.
Question 68 What are the human factors that determine land use?
Answer: Population density, technology capability, culture and traditions.
Question 69 What is the total geographical area of India?
Answer: 32.8 square kilometres.
Question 70 What percentage of India’s land use data is available?
Answer: Land use data is available for 93% of India’s area.
Question 71 Which areas of India have not been surveyed for land use?
Answer: Pakistan and China occupied areas in Jammu and Kashmir.
Question 72 According to the National Forest Policy 1952 in India, what percentage of the area is forested?
Answer: 33%