What steps the French
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
In 1789, France was a state ruled by an autocratic king. After the revolution, sovereignty came out of the monarchy and fell into the hands of French citizens. From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries took many steps that could create a sense of collective identity among the French citizens. that goes:-
(i) Ideas like fatherland and citizens emphasized the idea of a united community. Who had equal rights under a constitution.
(ii) A new French flag was chosen. Which replaced the earlier state flag.
(iii) The estate general was selected by a group of active citizens. Which was renamed as National Assembly.
(iv) In the name of the nation new hymns were composed, sworn and martyrs were praised.
(v) A central administrative system was implemented. Which made it common law for all citizens residing in its territory.
(vi) Internal Import Export Duty Abolished. And a similar system of measuring weights was implemented.
(vii) Regional languages were discouraged. And French, the language used in Paris, was made the common language of the nation.
Write in brief
1. Write a note on:
a) Guiseppe Mazzini
b) Count Camillo de Cavour
c) The Greek war of independence
d) Frankfurt parliament
e) The role of women in nationalist struggles
2. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective
identity among the French people?
3. Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in
which they were portrayed?
4. Briefly trace the process of German unification.
5. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more
efficient in the territories ruled by him?
Discuss
1. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social
and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
2. Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism
in Europe.
3. Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth
century.
4. How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
5. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?