Class 10 Geography important Questions

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Class 10 Geography important Questions

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Questions and Answers

Year: 2013

  1. Question: Write two characteristics of Black soil.
    • Answer: Black soil is predominantly found in Maharashtra. It has a high water retaining capacity.
  2. Question: Mention two measures for conservation of land degradation.
    • Answer: Measures for land degradation conservation are related to methods for conservation of soil erosion, such as implementing afforestation (plantation of trees on a large scale).
  3. Question: Mark the following in the given outline map of India: Areas of arid soil.
    • Answer: This is a map work question requiring marking the areas of Arid soil.

Year: 2013 Supplementary

  1. Question: Write the names of any two non-renewable resources.
    • Answer: Two non-renewable resources are Coal (a fossil fuel) and Petroleum or mineral oil (a fossil fuel).
  2. Question: Write names of any four types of soils found in India.
    • Answer: Four types of soils mentioned in the sources are Black soil, Alluvial soil, Arid soil, and Laterite soil.
  3. Question: What do you understand by sustainable development?
    • Answer: Sustainable development involves ensuring the continuity of development for the future generation. It requires the judicious, planned, and sustainable use of resources to maintain the quality of life.

Year: 2014

  1. Question: Explain two problems caused due to the indiscriminate use of resources by humans.
    • Answer: One problem is the rapid consumption of mineral resources. Another problem related to land use is the increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil due to water logging from over-irrigation.
  2. Question: Suggest two measures to conserve soil.
    • Answer: Two measures include undertaking the plantation of trees on a large scale (afforestation) to check soil erosion, and general measures listed under the methods of conservation of soil erosion.
  3. Question (Alternative): Write causes and methods of conservation of soil erosion.
    • Answer: A method of conservation is afforestation. The causes of soil erosion are not explicitly detailed in the excerpts.

Year: 2015

  1. Question: Clarify the meaning of international resources.
    • Answer: International resources are categorized based on their ownership status in the classification of resources. (The precise clarification is not provided in the excerpts).
  2. Question: Write any two features of Arid soil.
    • Answer: The sources indicate that Arid soil exists and asks for its features. (Specific features are not detailed in the excerpts).

Year: 2016

  1. Question: What is meant by sustainable development?
    • Answer: Sustainable development involves maintaining the quality of life through the planned and judicious use of resources, ensuring they are available for future generations.
  2. Question: Give any two characteristics of black soil.
    • Answer: Black soil is predominantly found in Maharashtra, and it possesses a high water retaining capacity.

Year: 2017 Supplementary

  1. Question: Explain any four types of soils found in India.
    • Answer: Four types of soils found in India mentioned in the sources are Black soil, Alluvial soil, Arid soil, and Laterite soil.

Year: 2022

  1. Question (Fill in the blank): The resources, obtained from biosphere and which have life, are known as ________.
    • Answer: The resources are known as biotic resources.
  2. Question: What do you understand by non renewable resources?
    • Answer: Non-renewable resources are a classification based on exhaustibility. They are resources that are being consumed rapidly and require conservation for the future.

Year: 2023

  1. Question: Define renewable and non renewable resources.
    • Answer: Renewable resources are resources that can be renewed or replaced. Non-renewable resources are those classified as exhaustible resources, which are consumed rapidly.
  2. Question: If you have to do resource planning, which steps would you use?
    • Answer: Resource planning is necessary due to the enormous diversity and deficits in resource availability across different regions of India. Planning involves recognizing that development depends on the presence of resources and corresponding institutional changes.

Year: 2024

  1. Question: Describe the process of soil formation.
    • Answer: The source asks for a description of the process of soil formation. (The process details are not provided in the source excerpts.)

Year: 2024 Supplementary

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): Which of the following is non recyclable resources?
    • Answer: The non-recyclable resource among the options is Fossil fuels.

Year: 2025 Supplementary

  1. Question (Identify): Examine leaching.
    • Answer: Leaching is associated with Laterite soil, which is defined as intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
  2. Question: Identify the chemical characteristics and components of Black soil.
    • Answer: A chemical characteristic of Black soil is its high water retaining capacity.

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

Questions and Answers

Year: 2013

  1. Question: Give two suggestions to survival of endangered species of wildlife.
    • Answer: Suggestions for survival should focus on conservation, which preserves ecological diversity and genetic diversity of species.

Year: 2014

  1. Question: Write four factors that have led to decline in biodiversity in India.
    • Answer: The question asks for four factors. (The specific factors causing the decline in biodiversity are not detailed in the source excerpts).

Year: 2015

  1. Question: Why is conservation of forest & wildlife necessary?
    • Answer: Conservation is essential because it preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems (water, air, and soil). It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for species growth and breeding.

Year: 2017

  1. Question: What are Rare Species?
    • Answer: Rare species are those types of wild life species facing threats. (The full definition is not provided in the source).

Year: 2017 Supplementary

  1. Question: Differentiate between reserved and protected forests.
    • Answer: Reserved forests are regarded as most valuable for the conservation of forest and wildlife resources. Protected forests are forest lands that are protected from any further depletion.

Year: 2022

  1. Question: Explain in brief the ‘Forest Conservation by Community’.
    • Answer: Forest conservation involving communities includes participation strategies such as Joint Forest Management and movements like the Chipko Movement.

Year: 2024 Supplementary

  1. Question: Write one characteristic of reserved forests.
    • Answer: Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable for the conservation of forest and wildlife resources.

Year: 2025 Supplementary

  1. Question: Predict a plan to save the Indian Wildlife.
    • Answer: A plan would involve conservation measures, which are essential to protect ecological diversity and genetic diversity of plants and animals.

Chapter 3: Water Resources

Questions and Answers

Year: 2013

  1. Question: Explain the multipurpose projects.
    • Answer: Multipurpose projects often take the form of dams built across rivers. They are generally designed to serve several aims, such as generating hydroelectric power.

Year: 2013 Supplementary

  1. Question: Suggest any four methods of rain water harvesting.
    • Answer: Methods include Roof top rain water harvesting (or Chhat Varsha Jal Sangrahan), and traditional structures used in Rajasthan such as Tanka and Johad.

Year: 2014

  1. Question (Short Note): Roof top rain water harvesting.
    • Answer: Roof top rain water harvesting is a modern adaptation of traditional rainwater harvesting methods used to conserve and store water. In Rajasthan, this practice has gained popularity even with the availability of canal water.

Year: 2015

  1. Question: In your opinion how is ‘Dam’ useful?
    • Answer: Dams are useful because river valley projects generate hydroelectric power.

Year: 2016

  1. Question: Explain which way Rain Water Harvesting is carried out in Arid and Semi Arid region of Rajasthan.
    • Answer: Rainwater harvesting is carried out in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan using methods like Roof top rain water harvesting, as well as traditional methods like building Tankas.

Year: 2017

  1. Question: Write any four demerits of multi-purpose river projects.
    • Answer: Demerits include the effect of regulating and damming of rivers on the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow. (Four specific demerits are requested but not detailed in the excerpts).

Year: 2017 Supplementary

  1. Question: Write any four aims of multi-purpose river projects.
    • Answer: A primary aim is generating hydroelectric power. (Specific aims are not detailed in the source excerpts).

Year: 2019

  1. Question: Which water source can you use in western Rajasthan to meet the requirement of water in summer season after drying up of rain water? Write any two characteristics related to construction of such water source.
    • Answer: The water source is a traditional rainwater harvesting structure like a Tanka or Johad. The question mentions construction related to the scheme under which Tankas were built.

Year: 2020

  1. Question: Write the names of any four water projects run by the Central Government.
    • Answer: The question asks for four Central Government water projects. (Specific examples are not provided in the source excerpts).

Year: 2021

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): ‘Damodar Valley Project’ is established on the river.
    • Answer: The Damodar Valley Project is established on the Damodar river.
  2. Question (Multiple Choice): In which district is the ‘Bankiya Pond’ located?
    • Answer: Bankiya Pond is located in Rajsamand district.

Year: 2022

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): Over which river has the Sardar Sarovar Dam been built?
    • Answer: The Sardar Sarovar Dam has been built over the Narmada river.

Year: 2023

  1. Question: According to you, how irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions? Mention in brief.
    • Answer: Irrigation has resulted in a change of the cropping pattern, and also impacted soils and social landscapes.
  2. Question: “The need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources.” Explain.
    • Answer: Conservation is necessary because intensive industrialisation and urbanisation have exerted severe pressure on existing freshwater resources. Proper utilization requires regulating river damming and adopting measures like rainwater harvesting.

Year: 2024 Supplementary

  1. Question: What are the demerits of multipurpose projects?
    • Answer: Demerits include the projects affecting the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow when rivers are regulated and dammed.

Year: 2025

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): The dam is situated on the Narmada river.
    • Answer: The dam situated on the Narmada river is the Sardar Sarovar Dam.

Chapter 4: Agriculture

Questions and Answers

Year: 2013

  1. Question: Describe the cultivation of rice under the following points: i) Climate ii) Producing area.
    • Answer: The cultivation requires specific climate conditions. The Major rice producing area is a location asked to be marked in Map Work.

Year: 2014

  1. Question: Compare the primitive subsistence farming and commercial farming.
    • Answer: The question asks for a comparison of the two farming types. (The comparison details are not provided in the excerpts).

Year: 2015

  1. Question: Describe the geographical conditions for wheat farming.
    • Answer: The question requires describing the geographical conditions for growing wheat. (The specific conditions are not detailed in the excerpts).

Year: 2016

  1. Question: Describe the Geographical conditions for Rice production in India.
    • Answer: The conditions include the requirement for a specific temperature range, for example, between 20 to 27 degrees Centigrade.

Year: 2017 Supplementary

  1. Question: Write four factors responsible for tea cultivation.
    • Answer: The question asks for four factors. (The specific factors are not detailed in the source excerpts).

Year: 2018 Supplementary

  1. Question: What is the characteristics of American cotton? Name the major cotton producing States in India.
    • Answer: The question asks for the characteristics and producing states. (Information is not provided in the source excerpts).

Year: 2019

  1. Question: Write the necessary conditions related to temperature and rainfall for the production of rice.
    • Answer: Necessary temperature conditions are required for the rice crop, such as a range between 20 and 27 degrees Centigrade.

Year: 2020

  1. Question: What are commercial crops? Write the names of any two commercial crops in India.
    • Answer: Commercial crops are defined in the context of Indian agriculture. (Specific names are requested but not listed as answers in the sources).

Year: 2021

  1. Question (Fill in the blank): In India Rabi crops are sown in ________ months.
    • Answer: The month of sowing is requested. (The specific month is not provided in the source).
  2. Question (Fill in the blank): Rice crop needs temperature between ________ to ________ Centigrade.
    • Answer: Rice crop needs temperature between 20 to 27 degrees Centigrade. (Based on general knowledge implied by the text, though precise numbers are missing).
  3. Question: Write the necessary geographical conditions for cotton crop (any two).
    • Answer: The necessary geographical conditions are requested. (Conditions are not detailed in the source).

Year: 2022

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): The Rabi Crop pair is -.
    • Answer: The Rabi Crop pair listed is Wheat – Barley.
  2. Question: Write names of two major fibre crops grown in India.
    • Answer: Two major fibre crops are Cotton and Jute (the ‘Golden Fibre’).
  3. Question: Discuss organic agriculture.
    • Answer: The question asks for a discussion on organic agriculture. (The definition or details are not provided in the source).

Year: 2023

  1. Question: What is a “Slash and Burn” agriculture?
    • Answer: Slash and Burn agriculture is a farming method. It is known by names like Podu in Andhra Pradesh and Khil in the Himalayan belt.

Year: 2024

  1. Question: Describe the technological and institutional reforms of agricultural development in India.
    • Answer: The question asks for a description of these reforms. (The specific details of the reforms are not provided in the excerpts).
  2. Question (Alternative): Describe the cropping pattern in India.
    • Answer: The cropping pattern is asked to be described. Irrigation has significantly changed cropping patterns.

Year: 2025

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): Which country is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods?
    • Answer: The largest producer is India.
  2. Question (Multiple Choice): By which name is slash and burn agriculture known in Andhra Pradesh?
    • Answer: It is known as Podu.

Year: 2025 Supplementary

  1. Question (Analyse): Analyse Zaid crops.
    • Answer: Zaid is the summer cropping season of India.
  2. Question (Multiple Choice): By which name is slash and burn agriculture known in Himalayan belt?
    • Answer: It is known as Khil.

Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources

Questions and Answers

Year: 2013

  1. Question: Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain.
    • Answer: Conservation is essential because the total volume of workable mineral deposits is an insignificant fraction (only one percent) of the earth’s crust, and these resources are being consumed rapidly. Conservation is needed to ensure their use in a planned and sustainable manner for the future.

Year: 2013 Supplementary

  1. Question: Classify the energy resources.
    • Answer: Energy resources can be classified into conventional and non-conventional sources.

Year: 2014

  1. Question: Why is mica one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries?
    • Answer: The question asks for the reason. (The specific properties of mica making it indispensable are not detailed in the excerpt).

Year: 2015

  1. Question (Short Note): Geothermal energy.
    • Answer: Geothermal energy is a non-conventional source of energy. It is associated with specific areas like Ladakh.

Year: 2016

  1. Question (Alternative): Give names of Non-ferrous minerals. Describe any two.
    • Answer: Non-ferrous minerals are differentiated from ferrous minerals. An example is Copper.

Year: 2017

  1. Question: Name any four Energy resources.
    • Answer: Energy resources include Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas (conventional), and Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Tidal Energy, Geothermal Energy (non-conventional).
  2. Question: Give names of any four raw-materials used in Cement Industry.
    • Answer: Raw materials used in the Cement Industry include limestone, silica, and gypsum.

Year: 2020

  1. Question: What is metallic mineral? Write any two examples of ferrous metal minerals.
    • Answer: Metallic minerals are defined. Ferrous minerals are those containing iron; examples include Iron ore and Manganese.

Year: 2024

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): Which one of the following industries uses limestone, silica and gypsum as a raw material?
    • Answer: The industry is Cement.

Year: 2025

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): Which of the following is a non-metallic mineral?
    • Answer: The non-metallic mineral listed is mica.

Year: 2025 Supplementary

  1. Question: Explain the difference between solar energy and geothermal energy.
    • Answer: Both are non-conventional sources of energy. Solar energy is well-endowed in regions like Rajasthan, and Geothermal energy is associated with regions like Ladakh.

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Questions and Answers

Year: 2014

  1. Question: Give two suggestions for progress of cotton textile industry in India.
    • Answer: The question requests suggestions. (The specific suggestions are not detailed in the source excerpts).

Year: 2015

  1. Question: “Iron and Steel industry could not develop fully in India.” Give any two reasons.
    • Answer: The question asks for the reasons why this basic industry did not fully develop. (The reasons are not provided in the source).

Year: 2016

  1. Question: Describe the importance of Manufacturing Industries.
    • Answer: Manufacturing industries are important because the Iron and Steel industry is the basic industry that provides machinery for all other industries (heavy, medium, and light). Steel is essential for manufacturing engineering goods, construction materials, defense, and scientific equipment.

Year: 2020

  1. Question: “Cotton textile industry in India is in Trouble”. Specify any two reasons in favour.
    • Answer: The question asks for two reasons. (The specific reasons are not provided in the source excerpts).

Year: 2022

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): Which of the following countries is an example of a cheap manufacturing hub?
    • Answer: China is given as an example of a cheap manufacturing hub.

Year: 2024

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): In which year was the country’s first Jute mill started in Bengal?
    • Answer: The first Jute mill in Bengal started in 1855.
  2. Question: What is Industrialization?
    • Answer: Industrialization refers to the start of the machine industry age.

Year: 2025

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): In which year was the first cotton mill set up in Bombay?
    • Answer: The first cotton mill in Bombay started in 1854.
  2. Question (Multiple Choice): The ratio of iron ore, coking coal and limestone for the Iron and Steel industry is –
    • Answer: The ratio is 4 : 2 : 1.

Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

Questions and Answers

Year: 2014

  1. Question: Match the following: Metropolitan City (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai) with Airport (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Meenam Bakkam, Indira Gandhi International, Chhatrapati Shivaji).
    • Answer: Delhi matches with Indira Gandhi International; Mumbai matches with Chhatrapati Shivaji; Kolkata matches with Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose; and Chennai matches with Meenam Bakkam.

Year: 2016

  1. Question: Describe the utility of Road Transportation.
    • Answer: Road transportation has merits. (The specific utilities are not detailed in the source).

Year: 2017

  1. Question: Explain Golden quadrilateral super Highways.
    • Answer: The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways connect major metropolitan cities.

Year: 2017 Supplementary

  1. Question (Short Note): Merits of road transportation.
    • Answer: The merits of road transportation are requested. (Specific merits are not detailed in the source).

Year: 2020 Supplementary

  1. Question: Describe any two National Waterways.
    • Answer: Two National Waterways are: The Ganga river between Prayagraj and Haldia (N.W. No. 1); and the Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (N.W. No. 2).

Year: 2023

  1. Question: Write two reasons of the growing importance of road transport vis-a-vis rail transport.
    • Answer: The reasons for the growing importance are requested. (The specific reasons are not detailed in the source).
  2. Question: ‘Foreign trade helps in the integration of the markets of different countries’. Give your three arguments in favour of this statement.
    • Answer: Foreign trade helps integration by allowing different countries’ producers and buyers to exchange goods across boundaries. (Three specific arguments are not detailed in the source).

Year: 2024

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): The air transport was nationalised in.
    • Answer: Air transport was nationalized in 1953.
  2. Question (Multiple Choice): Which is the main factor to stimulate the globalisation process?
    • Answer: The main factor is Information and Communication Technology.

Year: 2025

  1. Question (Multiple Choice): The length of India’s Coast line is.
    • Answer: The length is 7516.6 km.
  2. Question (Multiple Choice): Most modern medium of telecommunication is.
    • Answer: The most modern medium is E-mail.

Map Work Questions (Across All Chapters)

Map work questions (Question No. 31/30/22/23 depending on the year) required marking locations specific to the Geography chapters.

Year: 2013

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following in the given outline map of India: Areas of arid soil; Areas of Gondwana coal; Mumbai port.
  • Question (Match the following, Location): Match Non-conventional sources of energy (Solar, Wind, Tidal, Geothermal) with Located areas (Jaisalmer, Bhuj-Madhapur, Gulf of Kachchh, Ladakh).
    • Answer: Solar – Jaisalmer; Wind – Bhuj-Madhapur; Tidal – Gulf of Kachchh; Geothermal – Ladakh.

Year: 2014

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following in the given outline map of India: Major rice producing area; Mumbai High; Bhadravati iron and steel plant.

Year: 2015

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following in the given outline map of India: Jawaharlal Nehru Seaport; Cotton textile industry-Porbandar; Woolen textile industry-Bikaner.

Year: 2017 Supplementary

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following in the given outline Map of India: Mumbai; Pune.

Year: 2020

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following in the given outline map of India: Hirakund Project; Cotton cropped area; Bokaro; Visakhapatnam; Tuticorin.

Year: 2024

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following Thermal Power Plants in the given Outline Map of India: Nashik, Vijayawada, Barauni, Bongaigaon OR Gandhinagar, Ramagundam, Amarkantak, Namrup.

Year: 2024 Supplementary

  • Question (Map Work): Mark the following Iron ore mines in the given outline map of India: Ratnagiri, Chitradurga, Bailadila, Mayurbhanj OR Ballari, Chandrapur, Gua, Durg.
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