What changes Napoleon make
What changes did Napoleon make to make governance more efficient in the areas under his rule?
To make governance more efficient in the areas under his rule, Napoleon made the following reforms:
(i) He made the administrative system more rational and effective.
(ii) He created the Civil Code in 1804. It had abolished birth-based privileges. He secured equality and property rights before the law.
(iii) He simplified the administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and liberated the peasants from land slavery and Jagirdari, duties.
(iv) In cities also, the control of the artisans’ category-associations was removed. Traffic and communication systems were improved.
(v) In his reign, peasants, laborers, artisans and industrialists tasted freedom for the first time.
Write in brief
1. Write a note on:
a) Guiseppe Mazzini
b) Count Camillo de Cavour
c) The Greek war of independence
d) Frankfurt parliament
e) The role of women in nationalist struggles
2. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective
identity among the French people?
3. Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in
which they were portrayed?
4. Briefly trace the process of German unification.
5. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more
efficient in the territories ruled by him?
Discuss
1. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social
and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
2. Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism
in Europe.
3. Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth
century.
4. How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
5. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?