Chapter 9 Geographical Perspective on selected issues & problems
1.
What is the term used for water villages in the given context?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (c) Jal Gram
2.
Which of the following terms refers to a water project?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (a) Jal Yojana
3.
Which term signifies a water city?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (b) Jal Nagari
4.
Which term relates to water fields?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (d) Jal Kshetra
5.
Which term is associated with water-related planning?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (a) Jal Yojana
6.
Which term signifies a water village in the given context?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (c) Jal Gram
7.
What does the term ‘Jal Nagari’ refer to?
(a) Water project
(b) Water city
(c) Water village
(d) Water fields
Answer
Answer: (b) Water city
8.
In the context provided, what is the term ‘Jal Kshetra’ associated with?
(a) Water project
(b) Water city
(c) Water village
(d) Water fields
Answer
Answer: (d) Water fields
9.
What is the focus of ‘Jal Gram’ in the given context?
(a) Water project
(b) Water city
(c) Water village
(d) Water fields
Answer
Answer: (c) Water village
10.
Which term is related to water-related planning in the provided content?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (a) Jal Yojana
11.
What does the term ‘Jal Kshetra’ specifically denote?
(a) Water project
(b) Water city
(c) Water village
(d) Water fields
Answer
Answer: (d) Water fields
12.
Which term refers to a water city?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b
) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (b) Jal Nagari
13.
What is the primary focus of ‘Jal Yojana’?
(a) Water project
(b) Water city
(c) Water village
(d) Water fields
Answer
Answer: (a) Water project
14.
Which term is associated with water fields in the provided context?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Jal Gram
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (d) Jal Kshetra
15.
What is the significance of ‘Jal Gram’?
(a) Water project
(b) Water city
(c) Water village
(d) Water fields
Answer
Answer: (c) Water village
1.
What is the primary cause of water pollution according to the passage?
(a) Natural sources
(b) Industrial expansion
(c) Agricultural activities
(d) Cultural events
Answer
Answer: (b) Industrial expansion
2.
What are the major contributors to water pollution from human activities?
(a) Natural sources
(b) Agricultural activities
(c) Industrial and cultural activities
(d) Industrial expansion and tourism
Answer
Answer: (c) Industrial and cultural activities
3.
Which industry is mentioned as a significant water-polluting industry?
(a) Textiles
(b) Leather
(c) Pulp and paper
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
4.
According to the passage, what components of modern agriculture contribute to pollution?
(a) Inorganic fertilizers
(b) Pesticides and herbicides
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
5.
What program was initiated to improve the condition of the river Ganga?
(a) National Mission for Clean Ganga
(b) Namami Gange Programme
(c) Clean River Initiative
(d) Both (a) & (b)
Answer
Answer: (d) Both (a) & (b)
6.
According to the passage, what is the self-purifying capacity of water unable to do in polluted conditions?
(a) Eliminate all pollutants
(b) Purify the water completely
(c) Handle industrial wastes
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) Purify the water completely
7.
What is the consequence of disposing most industrial wastes into running water or lakes?
(a) Enhanced water quality
(b) Preservation of bio-system
(c) Destruction of bio-system
(d) Natural water purification
Answer
Answer: (c) Destruction of bio-system
8.
According to the passage, what is the impact of fertilizers on surface waters?
(a) Decrease in nitrate content
(b) No impact
(c) Increase in nitrate content
(d) Improved water quality
Answer
Answer: (c) Increase in nitrate content
9.
What types of diseases are commonly caused due to contaminated water?
(a) Respiratory diseases
(b) Water-borne diseases
(c) Skin diseases
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) Water-borne diseases
10.
What percentage of communicable diseases in India are water-borne according to the World Health Organization?
(a) One-fourth
(b) One-third
(c) One-half
(d) Three-fourths
Answer
Answer: (a) One-fourth
11.
What is the aim of the Namami Gange Programme?
(a) Industrial expansion
(b) Preservation of bio-system
(c) Improvement of river conditions
(d) Agricultural activities
Answer
Answer: (c) Improvement of river conditions
12.
What human activities are mentioned as causes of water pollution?
(a) Industrial activities only
(b) Agricultural activities only
(c) Industrial and cultural activities
(d) Cultural activities only
Answer
Answer: (c) Industrial and cultural activities
13.
Which river flowing through a populous region of India is mentioned as a cause of great concern?
(a) Yamuna
(b) Brahmaputra
(c) Ganga
(d) Godavari
Answer
Answer: (c) Ganga
14.
What is the significance of the National Mission for Clean Ganga?
(a) To initiate industrial expansion
(b) To address water pollution in Ganga
(c) To promote cultural activities
(d) To enhance agricultural activities
Answer
Answer: (b) To address water pollution in Ganga
15.
According to the passage, what are the common diseases caused by contaminated water?
(a) Malaria and dengue
(b) Respiratory diseases
(c) Water-borne diseases
(d) Skin diseases
Answer
Answer: (c) Water-borne diseases
1.
Which states are mentioned in connection with the polluted stretches of the Ganga river?
(a) Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal
(b) Delhi and Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
(d) Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
Answer
Answer: (a) Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal
2.
Which city is associated with downstream pollution in the Ganga river?
(a) Kanpur
(b) Varanasi
(c) Patna
(d) Kolkata
Answer
Answer: (a) Kanpur
3.
What is mentioned as a source of pollution in the Yamuna river?
(a) Industrial pollution
(b) Agricultural run-off
(c) Carcasses dumping
(d) Extraction of water for irrigation
Answer
Answer: (b) Agricultural run-off
4.
Which river is associated with pollution downstream of Varanasi?
(a) Ganga
(b) Yamuna
(c) Chambal
(d) Ganges
Answer
Answer: (a) Ganga
5.
Which city is mentioned for releasing domestic waste into the Yamuna river?
(a) Mathura
(b) Agra
(c) Delhi
(d) Patna
Answer
Answer: (c) Delhi
1.
What is the main objective of the Namami Gange Programme?
(a) Controlling air pollution
(b) Promoting industrial growth
(c) Cleaning the Ganga river
(d) Enhancing agricultural productivity
Answer
Answer: (c) Cleaning the Ganga river
2.
Which states are involved in the development of ‘Ganga Grams’ under the Namami Gange Programme?
(a) Punjab and Haryana
(b) Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal
(c) Maharashtra and Gujarat
(d) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
Answer
Answer: (b) Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal
3.
What aspect of the Ganga river does the Namami Gange Programme aim to develop in towns?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Industrial zones
(c) Sewerage treatment systems
(d) Transportation routes
Answer
Answer: (c) Sewerage treatment systems
4.
What is one of the measures included in the Namami Gange Programme to enhance biodiversity along the river banks?
(a) Industrial expansion
(b) Deforestation
(c) Afforestation
(d) Urbanization
Answer
Answer: (c) Afforestation
5.
Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Namami Gange Programme?
(a) Development of riverfront
(b) Monitoring of industrial effluents
(c) Promotion of air pollution
(d) Creating public awareness
Answer
Answer: (c) Promotion of air pollution
1.
What is air pollution?
(a) The addition of contaminants to the air in substantial proportion and duration
(b) The release of pleasant fragrances into the air
(c) The depletion of oxygen in the atmosphere
(d) The reduction of carbon dioxide levels in the air
Answer
Answer: (a) The addition of contaminants to the air in substantial proportion and duration
2.
What are the main sources of air pollution mentioned in the passage?
(a) Deforestation and agriculture
(b) Combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries
(c) Natural volcanic activities
(d) Use of renewable energy sources
Answer
Answer: (b) Combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries
3.
Which of the following gases is NOT mentioned as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries?
(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Oxygen
(c) Hydrocarbons
(d) Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen
Answer
Answer: (b) Oxygen
4.
What type of fog over cities is mentioned in the passage as a result of atmospheric pollution?
(a) Clear fog
(b) Smoky fog
(c) Cold fog
(d) Urban fog
Answer
Answer: (b) Smoky fog
5.
What diseases are mentioned in the passage as being caused by air pollution?
(a) Skin diseases
(b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory system diseases
(c) Digestive system diseases
(d) Muscular system diseases
Answer
Answer: (b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory system diseases
6.
What is the term used for rain caused by air pollution mentioned in the passage?
(a) Normal rain
(b) Acid rain
(c) Pure rain
(d) Sweet rain
Answer
Answer: (b) Acid rain
7.
What environmental factor is measured by analyzing the pH value of rainwater in urban areas?
(a) Temperature
(b) Humidity
(c) Air pressure
(d) Acidity
Answer
Answer: (d) Acidity
8.
What is the likely cause of a lower pH value in the first rain after summer?
(a) Increased pollution
(b) Decreased pollution
(c) Change in wind direction
(d) Natural weather patterns
Answer
Answer: (a) Increased pollution
9.
Which systems in the human body are mentioned as being affected by diseases caused by air pollution?
(a) Digestive and excretory systems
(b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems
(c) Skeletal and muscular systems
(d) Endocrine and reproductive systems
Answer
Answer: (b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems
10.
What is the term used for the fog over cities caused by atmospheric pollution?
(a) Smoky haze
(b) Industrial fog
(c) Urban smog
(d) Toxic mist
Answer
Answer: (c) Urban smog
11.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries?
(a) Lead
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Oxygen
(d) Asbestos
Answer
Answer: (c) Oxygen
12.
What is the term used for rainwater analysis in the urban environment mentioned in the passage?
(a) Meteorological analysis
(b) Environmental study
(c) Urban rainfall assessment
(d) Rainwater analysis
Answer
Answer: (d) Rainwater analysis
13.
Which of the following is a consequence of urban smog mentioned in the passage?
(a) Improved air quality
(b) Harmful effects on human health
(c) Increased visibility
(d) Reduced respiratory diseases
Answer
Answer: (b) Harmful effects on human health
14.
What are the consequences of acid rain mentioned in the passage?
(a) Improved soil fertility
(b) Harmful effects on aquatic life
(c) Enhanced plant growth
(d) Reduced atmospheric pollution
Answer
Answer: (b) Harmful effects on aquatic life
15.
What role do oxides of sulphur and nitrogen play in air pollution?
(a) They improve air quality
(b) They contribute to atmospheric stability
(c) They are released during combustion processes
(d) They have no impact on air pollution
Answer
Answer: (c) They are released during combustion processes
1.
What is air pollution?
(a) The addition of contaminants to the air in substantial proportion and duration
(b) The release of pleasant fragrances into the air
(c) The depletion of oxygen in the atmosphere
(d) The reduction of carbon dioxide levels in the air
Answer
Answer: (a) The addition of contaminants to the air in substantial proportion and duration
2.
What are the main sources of air pollution mentioned in the passage?
(a) Deforestation and agriculture
(b) Combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries
(c) Natural volcanic activities
(d) Use of renewable energy sources
Answer
Answer: (b) Combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries
3.
Which of the following gases is NOT mentioned as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries?
(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Oxygen
(c) Hydrocarbons
(d) Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen
Answer
Answer: (b) Oxygen
4.
What type of fog over cities is mentioned in the passage as a result of atmospheric pollution?
(a) Clear fog
(b) Smoky fog
(c) Cold fog
(d) Urban fog
Answer
Answer: (b) Smoky fog
5.
What diseases are mentioned in the passage as being caused by air pollution?
(a) Skin diseases
(b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory system diseases
(c) Digestive system diseases
(d) Muscular system diseases
Answer
Answer: (b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory system diseases
6.
What is the term used for rain caused by air pollution mentioned in the passage?
(a) Normal rain
(b) Acid rain
(c) Pure rain
(d) Sweet rain
Answer
Answer: (b) Acid rain
7.
What environmental factor is measured by analyzing the pH value of rainwater in urban areas?
(a) Temperature
(b) Humidity
(c) Air pressure
(d) Acidity
Answer
Answer: (d) Acidity
8.
What is the likely cause of a lower pH value in the first rain after summer?
(a) Increased pollution
(b) Decreased pollution
(c) Change in wind direction
(d) Natural weather patterns
Answer
Answer: (a) Increased pollution
9.
Which systems in the human body are mentioned as being affected by diseases caused by air pollution?
(a) Digestive and excretory systems
(b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems
(c) Skeletal and muscular systems
(d) Endocrine and reproductive systems
Answer
Answer: (b) Respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems
10.
What is the term used for the fog over cities caused by atmospheric pollution?
(a) Smoky haze
(b) Industrial fog
(c) Urban smog
(d) Toxic mist
Answer
Answer: (c) Urban smog
11.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels, mining, and industries?
(a) Lead
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Oxygen
(d) Asbestos
Answer
Answer: (c) Oxygen
12.
What is the term used for rainwater analysis in the urban environment mentioned in the passage?
(a) Meteorological analysis
(b) Environmental study
(c) Urban rainfall assessment
(d) Rainwater analysis
Answer
Answer: (d) Rainwater analysis
13.
Which of the following is a consequence of urban smog mentioned in the passage?
(a) Improved air quality
(b) Harmful effects on human health
(c) Increased visibility
(d) Reduced respiratory diseases
Answer
Answer: (b) Harmful effects on human health
14.
What are the consequences of acid rain mentioned in the passage?
(a) Improved soil fertility
(b) Harmful effects on aquatic life
(c) Enhanced plant growth
(d) Reduced atmospheric pollution
Answer
Answer: (b) Harmful effects on aquatic life
15.
What role do oxides of sulphur and nitrogen play in air pollution?
(a) They improve air quality
(b) They contribute to atmospheric stability
(c) They are released during combustion processes
(d) They have no impact on air pollution
Answer
Answer: (c) They are released during combustion processes
1.
What is noise pollution?
(a) The pleasant sound of nature
(b) Unbearable and uncomfortable noise to human beings
(c) Musical performances in public spaces
(d) Sound levels within acceptable limits
Answer
Answer: (b) Unbearable and uncomfortable noise to human beings
2.
What are the main sources of noise pollution mentioned in the passage?
(a) Natural sounds in the environment
(b) Noise from agricultural activities
(c) Various factories, construction, automobiles, and aircraft
(d) Sounds of musical instruments
Answer
Answer: (c) Various factories, construction, automobiles, and aircraft
3.
How is the level of steady noise measured?
(a) Temperature
(b) Humidity
(c) Sound level expressed in decibels (dB)
(d) Air pressure
Answer
Answer: (c) Sound level expressed in decibels (dB)
4.
Which source of noise pollution is identified as the biggest nuisance in the passage?
(a) Industrial activities
(b) Loudspeakers in festivals
(c) Traffic noise
(d) Construction and demolition works
Answer
Answer: (c) Traffic noise
5.
How does the intensity and nature of traffic noise depend, according to the passage?
(a) It depends on the time of day
(b) It depends on the type of vehicles and road conditions
(c) It depends on the availability of alternative transportation
(d) It depends on the weather conditions
Answer
Answer: (b) It depends on the type of vehicles and road conditions
6.
In sea traffic, where is noise pollution primarily confined?
(a) Open sea areas
(b) Coastal regions
(c) Harbours due to loading and unloading activities
(d) Maritime transportation routes
Answer
Answer: (c) Harbours due to loading and unloading activities
7.
Which factor influences the intensity of noise pollution from industries?
(a) Industrial location
(b) Type of industry
(c) Proximity to residential areas
(d) Availability of natural resources
Answer
Answer: (b) Type of industry
8.
What is mentioned as a characteristic of noise pollution in terms of its location?
(a) It is uniform across all areas
(b) It is specific to rural areas
(c) It is location-specific, and its intensity declines with distance from the source
(d) It is concentrated in urban areas only
Answer
Answer: (c) It is location-specific, and its intensity declines with distance from the source
1.
What is the main concern in urban areas mentioned in the passage?
(a) Lack of entertainment facilities
(b) Poor transportation infrastructure
(c) Environmental pollution by solid wastes
(d) Insufficient green spaces
Answer
Answer: (c) Environmental pollution by solid wastes
2.
What is referred to as solid waste in the passage?
(a) Liquid waste from industries
(b) Gaseous emissions from vehicles
(c) Old and used articles like broken glass, plastic containers, and CDs
(d) Agricultural waste from farms
Answer
Answer: (c) Old and used articles like broken glass, plastic containers, and CDs
3.
What are household wastes disposed of in the passage?
(a) Public lands
(b) Private contractors’ sites
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Industrial facilities
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
4.
What is the consequence of the huge turnout of ashes and debris from industries and building constructions?
(a) Increase in agricultural productivity
(b) Formation of new habitats for wildlife
(c) Serious problems of environmental consequences
(d) Reduction in air pollution
Answer
Answer: (c) Serious problems of environmental consequences
5.
What health hazards are associated with solid wastes mentioned in the passage?
(a) Increase in immunity
(b) Creation of pleasant smell
(c) Obnoxious smell, harboring of flies, and rodents carrying diseases
(d) Improved respiratory health
Answer
Answer: (c) Obnoxious smell, harboring of flies, and rodents carrying diseases
6.
What is suggested as a potential solution for urban waste disposal in the passage?
(a) Burning all solid waste
(b) Dumping waste into rivers
(c) Treating waste as a resource for generating energy and compost
(d) Ignoring the waste disposal issue
Answer
Answer: (c) Treating waste as a resource for generating energy and compost
7.
Which cities are mentioned as facing serious problems with waste disposal?
(a) Smaller towns in India
(b) Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, etc.
(c) Cities with efficient waste management systems
(d) Rural areas with limited population
Answer
Answer: (b) Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, etc.
8.
What happens to untreated wastes mentioned in the passage?
(a) They disappear over time
(b) They release toxic biogas, including methane, to the atmosphere
(c) They become valuable resources
(d) They contribute to soil fertility
Answer
Answer: (b) They release toxic biogas, including methane, to the atmosphere
9.
What is the impact of dumping industrial waste into rivers mentioned in the passage?
(a) Increase in fish population
(b) Decrease in water pollution
(c) Water pollution leading to serious health problems downstream
(d) Improvement in river water quality
Answer
Answer: (c) Water pollution leading to serious health problems downstream
10.
What term is used to describe the solid waste disposed of from industrial units?
(a) Refuse
(b) Garbage
(c) Rubbish
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
11.
What percentage of solid waste is collected and disposed of in metropolitan cities?
(
a) 10%
(b) 50%
(c) 90%
(d) 70%
Answer
Answer: (c) 90%
12.
What health problems can result from the concentration of industrial units around urban centers?
(a) Improved public health
(b) Reduced respiratory diseases
(c) Serious health problems downstream due to water pollution
(d) Enhanced immunity
Answer
Answer: (c) Serious health problems downstream due to water pollution
13.
What is the term used for the collection and disposal of solid wastes from industrial units?
(a) Public lands
(b) Private contractors’ sites
(c) Public (municipal) facilities at landfill areas
(d) Industrial facilities
Answer
Answer: (c) Public (municipal) facilities at landfill areas
14.
What is the impact of solid waste being carelessly handled, spread by wind, and splattered through rainwater?
(a) Improved waste management
(b) Increase in urban green spaces
(c) Reduction in health hazards
(d) Frequent nuisance and environmental pollution
Answer
Answer: (d) Frequent nuisance and environmental pollution
15.
How are untreated wastes described in the passage?
(a) Valuable resources
(b) Slow fermenting and releasing toxic biogas to the atmosphere
(c) Renewable energy sources
(d) Beneficial for soil fertility
Answer
Answer: (b) Slow fermenting and releasing toxic biogas to the atmosphere
1.
What is the main cause of population flow from rural to urban areas?
(a) Lack of amenities in rural areas
(b) High demand for labour in urban areas
(c) Overcrowding in rural areas
(d) Lack of agricultural opportunities
Answer
Answer: (b) High demand for labour in urban areas
2.
What is one of the factors contributing to rural-urban migration in India?
(a) Overabundance of job opportunities in rural areas
(b) Balanced development between urban and rural areas
(c) Low job opportunities in rural areas
(d) Lack of population growth in cities
Answer
Answer: (c) Low job opportunities in rural areas
3.
Why do poor people generally bypass smaller and medium cities during rural-urban migration in India?
(a) Lack of transportation
(b) Better opportunities in mega cities
(c) Adequate amenities in smaller cities
(d) Avoidance of urban lifestyle
Answer
Answer: (b) Better opportunities in mega cities
4.
What is the subject of the case study mentioned in the passage?
(a) Urban development in India
(b) Rural-urban migration process
(c) Mega cities in India
(d) Small and medium cities in India
Answer
Answer: (b) Rural-urban migration process
5.
What are the three main factors mentioned in the passage as causes of rural-urban migration?
(a) Lack of education, transportation, and healthcare in rural areas
(b) High demand for labour, low job opportunities, and unbalanced development
(c) Overpopulation, urban amenities, and balanced development
(d) Government policies, agricultural opportunities, and population growth in cities
Answer
Answer: (b) High demand for labour, low job opportunities, and unbalanced development
6.
What is the consequence of the rapidly increasing population in Indian cities?
(a) Decrease in urban job opportunities
(b) Improved rural living conditions
(c) Overcrowding in rural areas
(d) Strain on urban resources and infrastructure
Answer
Answer: (d) Strain on urban resources and infrastructure
7.
What is the primary focus of rural-urban migration in India?
(a) Access to modern amenities in rural areas
(b) Development of smaller cities
(c) Direct migration to mega cities for livelihood
(d) Improvement of rural job opportunities
Answer
Answer: (c) Direct migration to mega cities for livelihood
8.
What is the purpose of providing a case study in the passage?
(a) To highlight the success of rural development
(b) To emphasize the challenges of urbanization
(c) To explain the impact of unbalanced development
(d) To facilitate better understanding of rural-urban migration
Answer
Answer: (d) To facilitate better understanding of rural-urban migration
9.
What is the primary role of mega cities in rural-urban migration?
(a) Providing agricultural opportunities
(b) Offering better amenities than smaller cities
(c) Attracting poor people for livelihood
(d) Balancing urban and rural development
Answer
Answer: (c) Attracting poor people for livelihood
10.
What term is used to describe the pattern of development between urban and rural areas?
(a) Balanced growth
(b) Unbalanced development
(c) Synchronized progress
(d) Rural-urban equilibrium
Answer
Answer: (b) Unbalanced development
11.
What role does the unbalanced pattern of development play in rural-urban migration?
(a) It encourages migration from urban to rural areas
(b) It discourages migration altogether
(c) It acts as a push factor for migration from rural to urban areas
(d) It has no impact on migration patterns
Answer
Answer: (c) It acts as a push factor for migration from rural to urban areas
12.
What is the significance of understanding the process of rural-urban migration?
(a) It helps in promoting rural development
(b) It aids in addressing challenges in smaller cities
(c) It enables better planning for urban infrastructure
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
13.
What factor leads to the poor bypassing smaller and medium cities during migration?
(a) Lack of awareness
(b) Attraction to rural lifestyle
(c) Better opportunities in mega cities
(d) Fear of overcrowding
Answer
Answer: (c) Better opportunities in mega cities
14.
What impact does the low job opportunities in smaller and medium cities have on rural-urban migration?
(a) It leads to increased migration to smaller cities
(b) It reduces migration to mega cities
(c) It encourages rural residents to stay in their hometowns
(d) It contributes to the bypassing of smaller cities during migration
Answer
Answer: (d) It contributes to the bypassing of smaller cities during migration
15.
What is the relationship between population flow from rural to urban areas and the pattern of development between them?
(a) Direct correlation
(b) Inverse correlation
(c) No correlation
(d) Cyclic correlation
Answer
Answer: (a) Direct correlation
1.
Where has Ramesh been working as a welder for the last two years?
(a) Ludhiana
(b) Surat
(c) Talcher
(d) Mumbai
Answer
Answer: (c) Talcher
2.
To which region in Odisha does Talcher belong?
(a) Coastal region
(b) Mining region
(c) Agricultural region
(d) Industrial region
Answer
Answer: (b) Mining region
3.
What is the primary use of the remittances sent by Ramesh to his father in the native village?
(a) Business investments
(b) Daily consumption, healthcare, and schooling
(c) Luxury purchases
(d) Entertainment
Answer
Answer: (b) Daily consumption, healthcare, and schooling
4.
What improvement is mentioned in the standard of living of Ramesh’s family?
(a) Increased debt
(b) Improved education
(c) Better healthcare facilities
(d) Improved significantly
Answer
Answer: (d) Improved significantly
5.
What was the economic condition of Ramesh’s family fifteen years ago?
(a) Prosperous
(b) Stable
(c) Passing through tough times
(d) Unchanged
Answer
Answer: (c) Passing through tough times
6.
What made Ramesh move to Punjab with his friend?
(a) Attraction to urban lifestyle
(b) Perceived job promises in Ludhiana
(c) Desire for higher education
(d) Love for the culture and environment
Answer
Answer: (b) Perceived job promises in Ludhiana
7.
Where did Ramesh initially work when he moved to Ludhiana?
(a) Coal region of Odisha
(b) A woolen factory
(c) Surat
(d) Bharuch
Answer
Answer: (b) A woolen factory
8.
What challenges did Ramesh face while working in Ludhiana?
(a) Cultural assimilation and environmental adjustment
(b) High salary demands
(c) Lack of job opportunities
(d) Language barriers
Answer
Answer: (a) Cultural assimilation and environmental adjustment
9.
What prompted Ramesh to change his place of work from Ludhiana to Surat?
(a) Higher wages in Surat
(b) Better job opportunities in Surat
(c) Guidance from his friend
(d) Love for the Surat culture
Answer
Answer: (c) Guidance from his friend
10.
What skills did Ramesh learn in Surat?
(a) Textile manufacturing
(b) Welding
(c) Agriculture
(d) Carpentry
Answer
Answer: (b) Welding
11.
Why can’t Ramesh shift his family with him?
(a) Lack of desire to be with him
(b) Job is temporary and transferable
(c) Ramesh’s family prefers rural lifestyle
(d) Lack of proper housing in the new city
Answer
Answer: (b) Job is temporary and transferable
12. <
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What type of jobs do migrants like Ramesh frequently end up performing in urban areas?
(a) High-paying skilled jobs
(b) Informal sector jobs at low wages
(c) Government jobs
(d) Professional jobs
Answer
Answer: (b) Informal sector jobs at low wages
13.
What is the primary reason for spouses being left behind in rural areas during rural-urban migration?
(a) Lack of desire to move
(b) Better job opportunities in rural areas
(c) Low wages in urban areas
(d) Lack of educational facilities in cities
Answer
Answer: (c) Low wages in urban areas
14.
What characterizes the rural-urban migration stream mentioned in the passage?
(a) Dominated by females
(b) Dominated by males
(c) Equally distributed between males and females
(d) Dominated by skilled workers
Answer
Answer: (b) Dominated by males
15.
What is the long-term impact of rural-urban migration on individuals like Ramesh?
(a) Decreased standard of living
(b) Improved cultural assimilation
(c) Improved educational opportunities
(d) Pain of separation from family
Answer
Answer: (d) Pain of separation from family
1.
What percentage of the world’s population currently resides in cities?
(a) 29%
(b) 47%
(c) 60%
(d) 50%
Answer
Answer: (b) 47%
2.
By what year is the proportion of the world’s population living in cities estimated to reach 50%?
(a) 2008
(b) 2050
(c) 1961
(d) 2100
Answer
Answer: (a) 2008
3.
What challenges will governments face as the world’s population becomes more urbanized?
(a) Educational challenges
(b) Space and resource challenges
(c) Economic challenges
(d) Technological challenges
Answer
Answer: (b) Space and resource challenges
4.
What is the estimated proportion of the world’s population expected to live in urban areas by 2050?
(a) 75%
(b) 50%
(c) 33%
(d) 66%
Answer
Answer: (d) 66%
5.
What are the manifestations of pressure on urban areas mentioned in the passage?
(a) Cultural challenges
(b) Sanitary, health, crime problems, and urban poverty
(c) Political challenges
(d) Educational challenges
Answer
Answer: (b) Sanitary, health, crime problems, and urban poverty
6.
How does urban population grow, according to the passage?
(a) By government intervention
(b) By natural decrease
(c) By net in-migration and reclassification
(d) By reducing birth rates
Answer
Answer: (c) By net in-migration and reclassification
7.
What percentage of urban growth in India after 1961 is attributed to rural-urban migration?
(a) 60%
(b) 29%
(c) 50%
(d) 47%
Answer
Answer: (a) 60%
8.
What factor contributes to urban population growth when birth rate exceeds death rate?
(a) Net out-migration
(b) Natural increase
(c) Government intervention
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (b) Natural increase
9.
What kind of challenges will urban areas face due to the projected increase in urban population?
(a) Educational challenges
(b) Economic challenges
(c) Space and resource challenges
(d) Cultural challenges
Answer
Answer: (c) Space and resource challenges
10.
What is the primary reason for spouses being left behind in rural areas during rural-urban migration?
(a) Lack of desire to move
(b) Better job opportunities in rural areas
(c) Low wages in urban areas
(d) Lack of educational facilities in cities
Answer
Answer: (c) Low wages in urban areas
11.
What characterizes the rural-urban migration stream mentioned in the passage?
(a) Dominated by females
(b) Dominated by males
(c) Equally distributed between males and females
(d) Dominated by skilled workers
Answer
Answer: (b) Dominated by males
12
.
What is the long-term impact of rural-urban migration on individuals like Ramesh?
(a) Decreased standard of living
(b) Improved cultural assimilation
(c) Improved educational opportunities
(d) Pain of separation from family
Answer
Answer: (d) Pain of separation from family
1.
How is the concept of “Urban or Urban Centre” defined in settlement geography?
(a) It is similar to the concept of “Rural”
(b) It complements the concept of “Rural”
(c) It is universally defined in the same way
(d) It is not discussed in settlement geography
Answer
Answer: (b) It complements the concept of “Rural”
2.
How are rural and urban settlements different?
(a) They have similar functions
(b) They are culturally and socially similar
(c) They complement each other
(d) They are undifferentiated homogeneous entities
Answer
Answer: (d) They are undifferentiated homogeneous entities
3.
What percentage of India’s population was rural in 2011?
(a) 29%
(b) 50%
(c) 69%
(d) 75%
Answer
Answer: (c) 69%
4.
What was Mahatma Gandhi’s view on villages in India?
(a) Villages were not important
(b) Villages were considered ideal republics
(c) Villages were considered urban centres
(d) Villages were considered slums
Answer
Answer: (b) Villages were considered ideal republics
5.
How are urban centres in India differentiated?
(a) By cultural factors only
(b) By socio-economic, politico-cultural, and other indicators of development
(c) By political factors only
(d) By technological factors only
Answer
Answer: (b) By socio-economic, politico-cultural, and other indicators of development
6.
What characterizes the top tier of urban centres in India?
(a) Slums and shanty structures
(b) Low-income group localities
(c) Well-developed urban infrastructures
(d) Dilapidated houses
Answer
Answer: (c) Well-developed urban infrastructures
7.
What is the living condition like in slums?
(a) Ideal and comfortable
(b) Luxurious and spacious
(c) Poor hygienic conditions, lack of basic amenities
(d) Comparable to high-income group localities
Answer
Answer: (c) Poor hygienic conditions, lack of basic amenities
8.
What is a common characteristic of slum dwellers in terms of their occupation?
(a) High-income jobs
(b) Skilled jobs
(c) Unorganised sectors of the urban economy
(d) Government jobs
Answer
Answer: (c) Unorganised sectors of the urban economy
9.
What makes slum dwellers vulnerable to various social issues?
(a) High income
(b) Well-developed infrastructure
(c) Poverty
(d) Access to education
Answer
Answer: (c) Poverty
10.
What socioenvironmental hazards are mentioned in relation to slums?
(a) Ideal living conditions
(b) Well-regulated drainage system
(c) Overcrowded narrow street patterns
(d) Parks and playgrounds
Answer
Answer: (c) Overcrowded narrow street patterns
11.
What is the long-term impact of poverty on slum dwellers?
(a) Increased standard of living
(b) Improved cultural assimilation
(c) Social exclusion
(d) Access to education
Answer
Answer: (c) Social exclusion
12.
What type of migration is mentioned as a cause for people living in slums?
(a) Rural to rural migration
(b) Urban to rural migration
(c) Rural to urban migration
(d) International migration
Answer
Answer: (c) Rural to urban migration
13.
What is the economic status of most slum dwellers in terms of their occupation?
(a) High income
(b) Medium income
(c) Low-paid, high-risk-prone, unorganised sectors
(d) Skilled jobs
Answer
Answer: (c) Low-paid, high-risk-prone, unorganised sectors
14.
What characteristic differentiates the top tier of urban centres from slums?
(a) Wide roads and streetlights
(b) Lack of basic amenities
(c) Well-developed green belt and parks
(d) Poor hygienic conditions
Answer
Answer: (a) Wide roads and streetlights
15.
What societal issues are slum dwellers more susceptible to?
(a) Drug abuse and alcoholism
(b) Well-regulated drainage systems
(c) Educational opportunities
(d) Parks and playgrounds
Answer
Answer: (a) Drug abuse and alcoholism
1.
What is the main road traversing through Dharavi called?
(a) Ninety-foot road
(b) Main Boulevard
(c) Central Avenue
(d) Peripheral Lane
Answer
Answer: (a) Ninety-foot road
2.
Why are autorickshaws banned in Dharavi?
(a) Due to narrow alleys and lanes
(b) Environmental concerns
(c) Lack of infrastructure
(d) Government restrictions
Answer
Answer: (a) Due to narrow alleys and lanes
3.
What is the predominant height of buildings in Dharavi?
(a) Two or three storeys
(b) Twenty metres
(c) Single-storeyed
(d) Skyscrapers
Answer
Answer: (a) Two or three storeys
4.
What type of buildings are used for the treatment of hides and tanning in Dharavi?
(a) Corrugated metal buildings
(b) Skyscrapers
(c) Wooden cottages
(d) Victorian-style houses
Answer
Answer: (a) Corrugated metal buildings
5.
What kind of waste filled the arm of the sea that became Dharavi?
(a) Industrial waste
(b) Agricultural waste
(c) Household waste
(d) Marine waste
Answer
Answer: (c) Household waste
6.
What is the social composition of the people living in Dharavi?
(a) Upper class
(b) Middle class
(c) Scheduled Castes and poor Muslims
(d) Wealthy professionals
Answer
Answer: (c) Scheduled Castes and poor Muslims
7.
What type of articles are produced in Dharavi?
(a) Low-quality goods
(b) Mass-produced items
(c) Valuable and useful articles
(d) Luxury items
Answer
Answer: (c) Valuable and useful articles
8.
What environmental challenges are mentioned in relation to Dharavi?
(a) Treeless sunlight
(b) Abundant green spaces
(c) Unpolluted air
(d) Clear water bodies
Answer
Answer: (a) Treeless sunlight
9.
What is the general impression of Dharavi in terms of wealth creation for Bombay?
(a) It does not contribute to wealth creation
(b) It is an essential contributor to wealth creation
(c) It contributes to wealth creation in a small way
(d) It hampers wealth creation
Answer
Answer: (b) It is an essential contributor to wealth creation
10.
What are some of the articles mentioned as being produced in Dharavi?
(a) Electronics and gadgets
(b) Delicate ceramics, pottery, leather goods, high-fashion garments
(c) Luxury cars and vehicles
(d) Exotic foods and spices
Answer
Answer: (b) Delicate ceramics, pottery, leather goods, high-fashion garments
1.
What is the consequence of consistently using land without managing its fertility?
(a) Increase in productivity
(b) Land degradation
(c) Enhanced fertility
(d) Improved quality
Answer
Answer: (b) Land degradation
2.
How is land degradation generally understood?
(a) Temporary decline in productivity
(b) Permanent decline in productivity
(c) Both temporary and permanent decline
(d) Continuous increase in productivity
Answer
Answer: (c) Both temporary and permanent decline
3.
What may unchecked land degradation lead to?
(a) Increased fertility
(b) Improved quality
(c) Conversion to wasteland
(d) Enhanced productivity
Answer
Answer: (c) Conversion to wasteland
4.
What are the two processes that induce land degradation?
(a) Natural and artificial
(b) Temporary and permanent
(c) Productive and unproductive
(d) Remote sensing and classification
Answer
Answer: (a) Natural and artificial
5.
According to the National Remote Sensing Centre, what types of wastelands are caused primarily by natural agents?
(a) Waterlogged and marshy areas
(b) Degraded shifting cultivation area
(c) Barren rocky areas
(d) Mining and industrial wastelands
Answer
Answer: (c) Barren rocky areas
6.
Which types of wastelands are caused by both natural and human factors?
(a) Gullied/ravinous land
(b) Desertic or coastal sands
(c) Waterlogged and marshy areas
(d) Degraded forests
Answer
Answer: (c) Waterlogged and marshy areas
7.
According to Table 12.3, what is more important than natural processes in causing wastelands?
(a) Degraded shifting cultivation area
(b) Desertic or coastal sands
(c) Wastelands caused by man-made processes
(d) Gullied/ravinous land
Answer
Answer: (c) Wastelands caused by man-made processes
8.
What has the National Remote Sensing Centre used to classify wastelands?
(a) Remote-controlled drones
(b) Satellite imagery
(c) Human observation
(d) Ground-level surveys
Answer
Answer: (b) Satellite imagery
1.
In which agro-climatic zone is Jhabua district located?
(a) Northern zone
(b) Eastern zone
(c) Westernmost zone
(d) Southern zone
Answer
Answer: (c) Westernmost zone
2.
Which tribal population is mostly found in Jhabua district?
(a) Gonds
(b) Santhals
(c) Bhils
(d) Munda
Answer
Answer: (c) Bhils
3.
What has accentuated poverty in Jhabua district?
(a) High literacy rate
(b) Resource degradation
(c) Industrial development
(d) Government schemes
Answer
Answer: (b) Resource degradation
4.
What percentage of the total area under Jhabua district has been treated by watershed management programmes funded by the Ministry of Rural Development?
(a) 10%
(b) 15%
(c) 20%
(d) 25%
Answer
Answer: (c) 20%
5.
Which block in Jhabua district represents an interesting case of Government-NGO partnership and community participation in managing watershed programmes?
(a) Petlawad block
(b) Rajpur block
(c) Barwani block
(d) Thandla block
Answer
Answer: (a) Petlawad block
6.
What efforts have the Bhils in Petlawad block made to revitalize common property resources?
(a) Building houses
(b) Constructing roads
(c) Planting and maintaining trees
(d) Installing solar panels
Answer
Answer: (c) Planting and maintaining trees
7.
What did the villagers do to tackle the conflict arising from encroachment on common land in Petlawad block?
(a) Filed a lawsuit
(b) Sought government intervention
(c) Offered to make the defaulter a member of their user group
(d) Ignored the issue
Answer
Answer: (c) Offered to make the defaulter a member of their user group
8.
Which chapter discusses the section on Common Property Resources (CPR) in the book?
(a) Land Resources and Agriculture
(b) Watershed Management
(c) Government-NGO Partnership
(d) Tribal Populations in India
Answer
Answer: (a) Land Resources and Agriculture
