Class 10 Science Chapter 7 How do OrganismsReproduce?

Question : Which processes are essential to maintain the life of an individual organism?
Answer : Nutrition

Question : Organisms belonging to a single species typically look what to each other?
Answer : Similar

Question : What structure in the nucleus of a cell contains information for inheritance?
Answer : Chromosomes

Question : What acid molecule is the information source for making proteins?
Answer : DNA

Question : If body designs are similar, what must also be similar?
Answer : Blueprints

Question : What is the basic event in reproduction involving DNA?
Answer : Creation

Question : Cells use what reactions to build copies of their DNA?
Answer : Chemical

Question : What structure must accompany the DNA copy for maintaining life processes?
Answer : Apparatus (Cellular apparatus)

Question : How many cells does a dividing cell effectively give rise to?
Answer : Two

Question : What is the inbuilt tendency for variation during reproduction the basis for?
Answer : Evolution

Question : Populations of organisms fill well-defined places called what in the ecosystem?
Answer : Niches

Question : What natural event can cause niches to change drastically?
Answer : Temperature (Or Water/Meteorite)

Question : What type of organisms living in temperate waters might die if the temperature increases?
Answer : Bacteria

Question : What property is useful for the survival of species over time?
Answer : Variation

Question : What type of effects are assured not to be present if variations are in living individuals?
Answer : Bad (Really bad effects)

Question : For unicellular organisms, cell division leads to new individuals via what process?
Answer : Fission

Question : In Amoeba, cell division can take place in any what?
Answer : Plane

Question : The disease kala-azar is caused by which organism?
Answer : Leishmania

Question : What type of fission occurs in Leishmania due to its definite body organization?
Answer : Binary

Question : Which single-celled malarial parasite divides into many daughter cells simultaneously?
Answer : Plasmodium

Question : What type of fission does Plasmodium exhibit?
Answer : Multiple

Question : Which organism puts out small buds that separate and grow further?
Answer : Yeast

Question : What simple multicellular organism breaks up into smaller pieces upon maturation?
Answer : Spirogyra

Question : What is the reproductive mode used by Spirogyra?
Answer : Fragmentation

Question : Specialized cells in complex multi-cellular organisms are organized into what specific structure?
Answer : Tissues

Question : What is the capacity to give rise to a new individual from body parts called?
Answer : Regeneration

Question : Name a simple animal that can regenerate if cut into pieces.
Answer : Planaria (Or Hydra)

Question : Regeneration is carried out by what specialized components?
Answer : Cells

Question : What organized sequence of changes specialized cells undergo is referred to as?
Answer : Development

Question : What process does Hydra use regenerative cells for?
Answer : Budding

Question : What develops as an outgrowth in Hydra?
Answer : Bud

Question : What type of propagation utilizes parts like the root, stem, and leaves to develop new plants?
Answer : Vegetative

Question : Which agricultural method involves layering or grafting to grow plants?
Answer : Vegetative

Question : Plants grown vegetatively bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from what?
Answer : Seeds

Question : Name a fruit plant that has lost the capacity to produce seeds but can be propagated vegetatively.
Answer : Banana (Or Orange/Rose/Jasmine)

Question : The buds in Bryophyllum develop in the notches along the what?
Answer : Leaf

Question : What plant can be used to observe vegetative propagation in an activity?
Answer : Money-plant

Question : In tissue culture, the cells are grown in what type of medium?
Answer : Artificial

Question : What small group of cells is formed rapidly in tissue culture?
Answer : Callus

Question : What technique is commonly used for growing ornamental plants?
Answer : Culture (Tissue culture)

Question : What are the thread-like structures of the bread mould (Rhizopus) called?
Answer : Hyphae

Question : What structures in Rhizopus contain cells that develop into new individuals?
Answer : Sporangia

Question : What cells are contained within the sporangia?
Answer : Spores

Question : What covers the spores, protecting them until they come into contact with a moist surface?
Answer : Walls

Question : What collective term describes reproduction modes from a single individual?
Answer : Asexual

Question : What mode of reproduction requires the involvement of two individuals?
Answer : Sexual

Question : If offspring result from two individuals, the amount of DNA would what each generation without corrective measures?
Answer : Twice

Question : What process of cell division achieves half the number of chromosomes in specialized organs?
Answer : Mei

This is a list of 100 one-word answer type questions covering the topics discussed in the chapter excerpts, with answers directly drawn from the source material and cited.

I. Basics of Reproduction, DNA, and Variation

Q: Which processes are essential to maintain the life of an individual organism? A: Nutrition
Q: Organisms of the same species typically look what? A: Similar
Q: What structure in the cell nucleus contains information for inheritance? A: Chromosomes
Q: What is the information source for making proteins? A: DNA
Q: What is the basic event in reproduction involving DNA? A: Copying
Q: What do cells use to build copies of their DNA? A: Reactions (Chemical reactions)
Q: What process is the inbuilt tendency for variation during reproduction the basis for? A: Evolution
Q: Populations of organisms fill well-defined places called what in the ecosystem? A: Niches
Q: What must be maintained for body design features that allow an organism to use a particular niche? A: Consistency
Q: What natural phenomenon can cause niches to change drastically? A: Temperature (Or Water, Meteorite)
Q: What type of organisms living in temperate waters might die if the water temperature increases? A: Bacteria
Q: What allows for the survival of species over time? A: Variation
Q: Which replication mechanism is not absolutely accurate, resulting in variations? A: DNA
Q: What do variations ensure the survival of? A: Species
Q: What type of effects are assured not to be present if variations are in living individuals? A: Bad (Really bad effects)

II. Modes of Asexual Reproduction

Q: What process, or cell division, leads to the creation of new individuals in unicellular organisms? A: Fission
Q: What process is observed when many bacteria and protozoa split into two equal halves? A: Division (Cell division)
Q: What organism shows the splitting of cells during division taking place in any plane? A: Amoeba
Q: The disease kala-azar is caused by which organism? A: Leishmania
Q: What type of fission is seen in Leishmania due to its defined body organization? A: Binary
Q: Which single-celled organism divides into many daughter cells simultaneously? A: Plasmodium
Q: What type of fission does Plasmodium exhibit? A: Multiple
Q: What structure does Yeast put out that separates and grows further? A: Buds
Q: What simple multicellular organism breaks up into smaller pieces upon maturation? A: Spirogyra
Q: What mode of reproduction is used by Spirogyra? A: Fragmentation
Q: In complex multi-cellular organisms, cells are organized into what specific structure? A: Tissues
Q: What is the capacity to give rise to a new individual from body parts called? A: Regeneration
Q: Name a simple animal that can regenerate if cut into pieces. A: Planaria (Or Hydra)
Q: Regeneration is carried out by what specialized component? A: Cells
Q: What is the organized sequence of changes specialized cells undergo during regeneration called? A: Development
Q: What process does Hydra use regenerative cells for? A: Budding
Q: What develops as an outgrowth in Hydra? A: Bud
Q: What type of propagation utilizes parts like the root, stem, and leaves to develop new plants? A: Vegetative
Q: Which agricultural method involves layering or grafting to grow plants? A: Vegetative
Q: Plants grown by vegetative propagation bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from what? A: Seeds
Q: Name a plant that has lost the capacity to produce seeds but can be propagated vegetatively. A: Banana (Or Orange, Rose, Jasmine)
Q: The buds in Bryophyllum develop in the notches along the what? A: Leaf
Q: What plant can be used to observe vegetative propagation in an activity? A: Money-plant
Q: In tissue culture, the cells are grown in what type of medium? A: Artificial
Q: What small group of cells is formed rapidly in tissue culture? A: Callus
Q: What is commonly used for growing ornamental plants using tissue culture? A: Technique
Q: What are the thread-like structures of the bread mould (Rhizopus) called? A: Hyphae
Q: What are the tiny blob-on-a-stick structures involved in Rhizopus reproduction? A: Sporangia
Q: What part of the Rhizopus structure contains cells that develop into new individuals? A: Spores
Q: What covers the spores, protecting them until they come into contact with a moist surface? A: Walls
Q: What collective term describes reproduction modes where new generations are created from a single individual? A: Asexual

III. Sexual Reproduction (General Principles)

Q: What mode of reproduction requires the involvement of two individuals? A: Sexual
Q: The combination of DNA from two different individuals creates new combinations of what? A: Variants
Q: If offspring result from two individuals, the amount of what substance would double each generation without corrective measures? A: DNA
Q: What process of cell division achieves half the number of chromosomes in specialized organs? A: Meiosis
Q: What cells from two individuals combine during sexual reproduction to form a new individual? A: Germ-cells
Q: What type of cell is typically large and contains food stores? A: Female (Female gamete)
Q: What type of cell is typically smaller and motile? A: Male (Male gamete)
Q: What is formed when germ-cells from two individuals combine? A: Zygote
Q: Which part of the organism must have sufficient stores of energy if the zygote is to develop into a complex organism? A: Zygote

IV. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Q: What group of plants has reproductive parts located in the flower? A: Angiosperms
Q: Which non-reproductive part of the flower provides protection and support? A: Sepals (Or Petals)
Q: What is the male reproductive part of a flower? A: Stamen
Q: What is the yellowish powder produced by the stamen? A: Pollen
Q: What is the female reproductive part located in the center of a flower? A: Pistil
Q: What is the swollen bottom part of the pistil called? A: Ovary
Q: What is the middle elongated part of the pistil called? A: Style
Q: What is the terminal part of the pistil that may be sticky? A: Stigma
Q: What does the ovary contain? A: Ovules
Q: What is the male germ-cell produced by the pollen grain meant to fuse with? A: Gamete (Female gamete)
Q: What type of pollination occurs if the pollen transfer is within the same flower? A: Self-pollination
Q: What grows out of the pollen grain after landing on a suitable stigma? A: Tube (Pollen tube)
Q: After fertilization, what structure develops a tough coat and becomes a seed? A: Ovule
Q: What structure grows rapidly and ripens to form a fruit? A: Ovary
Q: What is the process called when the embryo develops into a seedling? A: Germination
Q: What contains the future plant or embryo? A: Seed

V. Human Reproduction and Puberty

Q: Which general process includes the body becoming larger? A: Growth
Q: What change occurs in girls around early teenage years regarding breast skin color? A: Darkening
Q: What new biological process begins in girls around puberty? A: Menstruate
Q: What sound change begins to happen to boys’ voices at puberty? A: Crack
Q: What is the sexual maturation of the body referred to as? A: Maturation
Q: What period during adolescence is called puberty? A: Adolescence
Q: What must be identifiable by other individuals if animals are to participate in mating? A: Maturity (Sexual maturity)

VI. Male Reproductive System

Q: Where does the formation of germ-cells (sperms) take place? A: Testes
Q: Where are the testes located outside the abdominal cavity? A: Scrotum
Q: What hormone regulates sperm formation and brings about changes in boys at puberty? A: Testosterone
Q: Sperms are delivered through which tube? A: Vas deferens
Q: The vas deferens unites with a tube coming from what structure? A: Bladder (Urinary bladder)
Q: What forms a common passage for both sperms and urine? A: Urethra
Q: Which gland adds secretions along the path of the vas deferens, besides the seminal vesicles? A: Prostate
Q: What does the fluid added to the sperms provide them? A: Nutrition
Q: What structure of the sperm helps them to move towards the female germ-cell? A: Tail

VII. Female Reproductive System and Gestation

Q: Where are the female germ-cells (eggs) made? A: Ovaries
Q: What carries the egg from the ovary to the womb? A: Oviduct (or Fallopian tube)
Q: What elastic bag-like structure do the two oviducts unite into? A: Uterus
Q: The uterus opens into the vagina through what structure? A: Cervix
Q: Where does fertilization occur? A: Oviduct
Q: What starts dividing after fertilization to form an embryo? A: Egg (Fertilized egg/Zygote)
Q: What special tissue provides nutrition to the growing embryo from the mother’s blood? A: Placenta
Q: The placenta contains structures on the embryo’s side called what? A: Villi
Q: What process is the result of rhythmic contractions of the muscles in the uterus? A: Birth (Child is born)
Q: What is the monthly process when the uterine lining breaks and comes out as blood and mucous? A: Menstruation

VIII. Reproductive Health and Contraception

Q: What viral infection can be sexually transmitted? A: Warts (Or HIV-AIDS)
Q: What type of infection is gonorrhoea? A: Bacterial
Q: What mechanical barrier can be used on the penis to help prevent infection transmission? A: Condom