Class 10 Science a list of chemical substances and their corresponding chemical formulas mentioned across Chapters 1 to 13:
Common Elements and Simple Molecules
- Aluminium: Al
- Bromine: Br₂
- Carbon: C
- Chlorine: Cl₂
- Copper: Cu
- Gold: Au
- Hydrogen: H₂
- Iodine: I₂
- Iron: Fe
- Lead: Pb
- Magnesium: Mg
- Manganese: Mn
- Mercury: Hg
- Nitrogen: N₂
- Oxygen: O₂
- Ozone: O₃
- Potassium: K
- Silver: Ag
- Sodium: Na
- Sulphur: S
- Zinc: Zn
Acids
- Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid): CH₃COOH
- Citric acid: (Found in lemon/orange, formula not explicitly in text)
- Hydrochloric acid: HCl
- Lactic acid: C₃H₆O₃
- Methanoic acid: HCOOH
- Nitric acid: HNO₃
- Oxalic acid: (Found in tomatoes, formula not explicitly in text)
- Sulphuric acid: H₂SO₄
- Tartaric acid: (Found in tamarind, formula not explicitly in text)
Bases
- Ammonium hydroxide: NH₄OH
- Calcium hydroxide (Slaked lime): Ca(OH)₂
- Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia): Mg(OH)₂
- Potassium hydroxide: KOH
- Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda): NaOH
Salts and Other Inorganic Compounds
- Ammonium chloride: NH₄Cl
- Barium chloride: BaCl₂
- Barium hydroxide: Ba(OH)₂
- Barium sulphate: BaSO₄
- Calcium carbonate (Limestone/Chalk/Marble): CaCO₃
- Calcium chloride: CaCl₂
- Calcium hydrogencarbonate: Ca(HCO₃)₂
- Calcium oxide (Quick lime): CaO
- Calcium sulphate hemihydrate (Plaster of Paris): CaSO₄·½H₂O
- Copper(I) oxide: Cu₂O
- Copper(I) sulphide: Cu₂S
- Copper(II) chloride: CuCl₂
- Copper(II) oxide: CuO
- Copper sulphate: CuSO₄
- Ferric oxide (Iron(III) oxide): Fe₂O₃
- Ferrous sulphate: FeSO₄
- Gypsum: CaSO₄·2H₂O
- Hydrated copper sulphate: CuSO₄·5H₂O
- Iron(II,III) oxide (Magnetite): Fe₃O₄
- Lead nitrate: Pb(NO₃)₂
- Lead oxide: PbO
- Magnesium oxide: MgO
- Manganese dioxide: MnO₂
- Mercuric oxide: HgO
- Mercuric sulphide (Cinnabar): HgS
- Potassium iodide: KI
- Potassium nitrate: KNO₃
- Potassium sulphate: K₂SO₄
- Silver bromide: AgBr
- Silver chloride: AgCl
- Silver sulphide: Ag₂S
- Sodium aluminate: NaAlO₂
- Sodium carbonate (Washing soda): Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
- Sodium chloride (Common salt): NaCl
- Sodium hydrogencarbonate (Baking soda): NaHCO₃
- Sodium nitrate: NaNO₃
- Sodium oxide: Na₂O
- Sodium sulphate: Na₂SO₄
- Sodium zincate: Na₂ZnO₂
- Sulphur dioxide: SO₂
- Sulphur trioxide: SO₃
- Zinc carbonate: ZnCO₃
- Zinc oxide: ZnO
- Zinc sulphate: ZnSO₄
Organic Compounds and Bio-molecules
- Adenosine Triphosphate: ATP
- Benzene: C₆H₆
- Butane: C₄H₁₀
- Chloroform (Trichloromethane): CHCl₃
- Cyclohexane: C₆H₁₂
- Ethane: C₂H₆
- Ethene: C₂H₄
- Ethyne: C₂H₂
- Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆
- Hexane: C₆H₁₄
- Methane: CH₄
- Methanol: CH₃OH
- Pentane: C₅H₁₂
- Propane: C₃H₈
- Propanone (Acetone): CH₃COCH₃
- Sodium ethanoate (Sodium acetate): CH₃COONa
Analogy: You can think of chemical formulas as a shorthand language for scientists. Just as abbreviations save time in writing, formulas like H₂O or NaCl instantly tell a chemist exactly which atoms, and how many of each, make up a substance.