Class 12 Ch. 6 Environment and Natural Resources MCQ
1.
What is the focus of the chapter?
(a) Economic issues in world politics
(b) Social movements in the 1960s
(c) Environmental and resource issues in world politics
(d) Geopolitics of resource competition
Answer
Answer: (c) Environmental and resource issues in world politics
2.
What event in 1992 brought environmental issues to the centre-stage of global politics?
(a) World Economic Forum
(b) United Nations General Assembly
(c) Earth Summit
(d) G8 Summit
Answer
Answer: (c) Earth Summit
3.
What does the chapter analyze in a comparative perspective?
(a) Economic growth
(b) Social movements
(c) Environmental movements
(d) Political ideologies
Answer
Answer: (c) Environmental movements
4.
What is briefly discussed in the chapter regarding India’s stand?
(a) Economic policies
(b) Environmental debates
(c) Social movements
(d) Political conflicts
Answer
Answer: (b) Environmental debates
5.
What is assessed in relation to notions of common property resources and global commons?
(a) Economic inequality
(b) Political stability
(c) Social justice
(d) Environmental issues
Answer
Answer: (d) Environmental issues
1.
What event brought environmental issues to the centre-stage of global politics?
(a) Kyoto Protocol
(b) Earth Summit 1992
(c) Paris Agreement
(d) Copenhagen Summit
Answer
Answer: (b) Earth Summit 1992
2.
According to the Human Development Report 2016, what is the impact of the lack of safe water and sanitation in developing countries?
(a) Increase in crop yield
(b) Improved child health
(c) Death of over three million children annually
(d) Enhanced biodiversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Death of over three million children annually
3.
What poses a real danger to ecosystems and human health, according to the text?
(a) Coastal pollution
(b) Depletion of cultivable area
(c) Decline in the total amount of ozone
(d) Overgrazing of grasslands
Answer
Answer: (c) Decline in the total amount of ozone
4.
What is described as a result of the extensive depletion and pollution of water bodies?
(a) Increase in food production
(b) Improvement in marine environment
(c) Restriction of food production
(d) Stabilization of climate
Answer
Answer: (c) Restriction of food production
5.
What is being cut down, leading to the loss of biodiversity?
(a) Fisheries
(b) Grasslands
(c) Natural forests
(d) Cultivable areas
Answer
Answer: (c) Natural forests
6.
What is the real danger posed by the decline in the total amount of ozone?
(a) Increased greenhouse gas emissions
(b) Destruction of habitat
(c) Threat to ecosystems and human health
(d) Rise in sea levels
Answer
Answer: (c) Threat to ecosystems and human health
7.
What is causing coastal pollution according to the text?
(a) Intensive human settlement
(b) Open sea pollution
(c) Overharvesting of fisheries
(d) Depletion of ozone
Answer
Answer: (a) Intensive human settlement
8.
According to the Human Development Report 2016, how many people in developing countries lack access to sanitation?
(a) 663 million
(b) 2.4 billion
(c) 3 million
(d) 55 million
Answer
Answer: (b) 2.4 billion
1.
Why do environmental issues become part of ‘world politics’?
(a) Due to geographical significance
(b) Because they are studied in geography
(c) Single governments can address them fully
(d) They have political consequences and require global cooperation
Answer
Answer: (d) They have political consequences and require global cooperation
2.
What does the Club of Rome’s book ‘Limits to Growth’ dramatize?
(a) Rapid economic growth
(b) World population growth
(c) Depletion of the Earth’s resources
(d) Environmental consequences of economic growth
Answer
Answer: (c) Depletion of the Earth’s resources
3.
When did the environmental consequences of economic growth acquire a political character?
(a) 1950s
(b) 1960s
(c) 1972
(d) 1980s
Answer
Answer: (b) 1960s
4.
Which global think tank published the book ‘Limits to Growth’?
(a) United Nations
(b) World Bank
(c) Club of Rome
(d) World Health Organization
Answer
Answer: (c) Club of Rome
5.
What role did the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) play in response to environmental problems?
(a) Holding international conferences
(b) Promoting detailed studies
(c) Coordinating global responses
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
6.
What emerged as a significant issue of global politics from the 1960s onwards?
(a) Economic growth
(b) Social justice
(c) Environment
(d) Human rights
Answer
Answer: (c) Environment
1.
When and where was the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held?
(a) 1987, New York
(b) 1992, Rio de Janeiro
(c) 2000, Geneva
(d) 1995, Kyoto
Answer
Answer: (b) 1992, Rio de Janeiro
2.
What is another name for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development?
(a) World Summit
(b) Earth Summit
(c) Global Conference
(d) Nature Summit
Answer
Answer: (b) Earth Summit
3.
How many states attended the Rio Summit?
(a) 100
(b) 150
(c) 170
(d) 200
Answer
Answer: (c) 170
4.
What report, published in 1987, warned about the unsustainability of traditional economic growth?
(a) Kyoto Report
(b) Earth Report
(c) Brundtland Report
(d) Rio Report
Answer
Answer: (c) Brundtland Report
5.
What were the concerns of the ‘global North’ at the Rio Summit?
(a) Economic development
(b) Ozone depletion and global warming
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Ecological conservation
Answer
Answer: (b) Ozone depletion and global warming
6.
What did the Rio Summit recommend in terms of development practices?
(a) Sustainable growth
(b) Development 21
(c) Agenda 21
(d) Economic prosperity
Answer
Answer: (c) Agenda 21
7.
What is the approach to development commonly known as?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) Green development
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Agenda development
Answer
Answer: (c) Sustainable development
8.
What did some critics argue about Agenda 21?
(a) It was biased in favor of economic growth
(b) It favored ecological conservation
(c) It lacked global cooperation
(d) It was too ambitious
Answer
Answer: (a) It was biased in favor of economic growth
9.
What term is used for the rich and developed countries in the context of environmental politics?
(a) Global South
(b) Developing nations
(c) G8 nations
(d) Global North
Answer
Answer: (d) Global North
10.
What was the main issue left unresolved at the Rio Summit?
(a) Economic growth
(b) Climate change
(c) Differences and difficulties
(d) Biodiversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Differences and difficulties
1.
What are resources that are not owned by anyone but shared by a community called?
(a) Sovereign resources
(b) Collective resources
(c) Communal resources
(d) Commons
Answer
Answer: (d) Commons
2.
What are areas or regions outside the sovereign jurisdiction of any state called?
(a) Independent zones
(b) Shared territories
(c) Global commons
(d) International territories
Answer
Answer: (c) Global commons
3.
Which of the following is considered a global commons?
(a) National parks
(b) Community centres
(c) The earth’s atmosphere
(d) Sovereign territories
Answer
Answer: (c) The earth’s atmosphere
4.
What treaty, signed in 1959, deals with the governance of Antarctica?
(a) Arctic Treaty
(b) Antarctic Protocol
(c) Antarctic Treaty
(d) Polar Agreement
Answer
Answer: (c) Antarctic Treaty
5.
Which protocol, from 1987, addresses issues related to ozone depletion?
(a) Antarctic Environmental Protocol
(b) Kyoto Protocol
(c) Montreal Protocol
(d) Environmental Conservation Protocol
Answer
Answer: (c) Montreal Protocol
6.
What does the history of outer space as a global commons reveal?
(a) Equal benefits for all nations
(b) North-South inequalities
(c) Exclusive access for developed nations
(d) Universal cooperation
Answer
Answer: (b) North-South inequalities
7.
What is the crucial issue influencing the management of global commons?
(a) Political ideologies
(b) Economic systems
(c) Technology and industrial development
(d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Technology and industrial development
8.
What was revealed by the discovery of the ozone hole over the Antarctic in the mid-1980s?
(a) The dangers of global warming
(b) The opportunities of international cooperation
(c) The difficulty of achieving consensus
(d) The effectiveness of environmental protocols
Answer
Answer: (b) The opportunities of international cooperation
9.
What term is commonly used for the benefits of exploitative activities in outer space?
(a) Global access
(b) Universal benefits
(c) Equal distribution
(d) Far from being equal
Answer
Answer: (d) Far from being equal
10.
What approach to development is commonly known as per the passage?
(a) Ecological conservation
(b) Economic growth
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Exploitative development
Answer
Answer: (c) Sustainable development
1.
What is the key difference in the approach to the environment between the countries of the North and the South?
(a) North wants equal responsibility, South wants differentiated responsibilities
(b) North wants no responsibility, South wants equal responsibilities
(c) Both North and South want equal responsibilities
(d) Both North and South want no responsibilities
Answer
Answer: (a) North wants equal responsibility, South wants differentiated responsibilities
2.
What do the developed countries of the North want in terms of environmental responsibilities?
(a) No responsibilities
(b) Equal responsibilities
(c) Differentiated responsibilities
(d) Shared responsibilities
Answer
Answer: (b) Equal responsibilities
3.
What is the argument of the developing countries regarding ecological degradation?
(a) They are not responsible
(b) Developed countries should undo the damage
(c) They should industrialize without restrictions
(d) All countries have equal responsibilities
Answer
Answer: (b) Developed countries should undo the damage
4.
What principle was accepted in the Rio Declaration at the Earth Summit in 1992?
(a) Equal Responsibilities Principle
(b) Global Partnership Principle
(c) Common but Differentiated Responsibilities Principle
(d) Sustainable Development Principle
Answer
Answer: (c) Common but Differentiated Responsibilities Principle
5.
According to the Rio Declaration, what responsibilities do developed countries acknowledge?
(a) No responsibilities
(b) Equal responsibilities
(c) Differentiated responsibilities
(d) Shared responsibilities
Answer
Answer: (c) Differentiated responsibilities
6.
What does the Rio Declaration state about the different contributions to global environmental degradation?
(a) It emphasizes equal contributions
(b) It acknowledges differentiated contributions
(c) It ignores contributions
(d) It criticizes contributions
Answer
Answer: (b) It acknowledges differentiated contributions
7.
What do the developing countries believe should be taken into account in international environmental law?
(a) Only the contributions of developed countries
(b) The special needs of developing countries
(c) Only the responsibilities of developed countries
(d) No considerations are needed
Answer
Answer: (b) The special needs of developing countries
8.
What term is used for the principle accepted in the Rio Declaration?
(a) Differentiated Sustainability
(b) Common Responsibility
(c) Sustainable Partnership
(d) Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
Answer
Answer: (d) Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
9.
What does the Rio Declaration state about developed countries’ acknowledgment?
(a) Acknowledgment is not required
(b) Acknowledgment is for their economic growth only
(c) Acknowledgment of their responsibility
(d) Acknowledgment is not mentioned
Answer
Answer: (c) Acknowledgment of their responsibility
10.
What does the Rio Declaration emphasize regarding global partnership?
(a) It rejects global partnership
(b) It calls for equal partnership
(c) It encourages global partnership
(d) It ignores global partnership
Answer
Answer: (c) It encourages global partnership
11.
According to the passage, what is the South’s view on restrictions during industrialization?
(a) No restrictions should be applied
(b) Same restrictions as the North
(c) Differentiated restrictions
(d) Stronger restrictions than the North
Answer
Answer: (c) Differentiated restrictions
12.
What responsibility do developed countries acknowledge in the pursuit of sustainable development?
(a) No responsibility
(b) Equal responsibility
(c) Limited responsibility
(d) Differentiated responsibility
Answer
Answer: (d) Differentiated responsibility
1.
What is the primary focus of the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?
(a) Historical events
(b) Greenhouse gas emissions
(c) Industrial development
(d) Developing countries’ contributions
Answer
Answer: (b) Greenhouse gas emissions
2.
According to the UNFCCC, how should parties act to protect the climate system?
(a) On the basis of equality
(b) Without considering responsibilities
(c) On the basis of equity and differentiated responsibilities
(d) According to the Kyoto Protocol
Answer
Answer: (c) On the basis of equity and differentiated responsibilities
3.
Which gases are considered responsible for global warming in the Kyoto Protocol?
(a) Oxygen and Nitrogen
(b) Hydrogen and Carbon
(c) Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydrofluoro carbons, etc.
(d) Sulfur and Nitrous oxide
Answer
Answer: (c) Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydrofluoro carbons, etc.
4.
Why were China, India, and other developing countries exempted from the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol?
(a) They have low per capita emissions
(b) They are not part of the UNFCCC
(c) They are not affected by global warming
(d) They are responsible for most emissions
Answer
Answer: (a) They have low per capita emissions
5.
What is the Kyoto Protocol?
(a) A historical treaty
(b) A protocol for economic growth
(c) An international agreement on greenhouse gas emissions
(d) A protocol for ocean protection
Answer
Answer: (c) An international agreement on greenhouse gas emissions
6.
Where was the Kyoto Protocol agreed upon in 1997?
(a) Paris
(b) Geneva
(c) Kyoto, Japan
(d) New York
Answer
Answer: (c) Kyoto, Japan
7.
What did the parties to the UNFCCC acknowledge about the historical and current global emissions of greenhouse gases?
(a) They originate primarily from developing countries
(b) They have no impact on climate change
(c) They originate primarily from developed countries
(d) They are unrelated to climate issues
Answer
Answer: (c) They originate primarily from developed countries
8.
What guiding principle does the UNFCCC emphasize for climate protection?
(a) Equal responsibilities for all parties
(b) Differentiated responsibilities based on capabilities
(c) No responsibilities
(d) Kyoto Protocol compliance
Answer
Answer: (b) Differentiated responsibilities based on capabilities
1.
What does common property represent in the context of the group?
(a) Privately owned resources
(b) Government-owned resources
(c) Resources shared by the group
(d) Unused natural resources
Answer
Answer: (c) Resources shared by the group
2.
What is the underlying norm regarding common property in the given context?
(a) Exclusive ownership
(b) No rights or duties
(c) Members have both rights and duties
(d) State ownership
Answer
Answer: (c) Members have both rights and duties
3.
What factors have contributed to the dwindling of common property in many parts of the world?
(a) Privatisation, agricultural intensification, population growth, and ecosystem degradation
(b) Government intervention
(c) Technological advancements
(d) Climate change
Answer
Answer: (a) Privatisation, agricultural intensification, population growth, and ecosystem degradation
4.
What institutional arrangement appropriately fits the description of a common property regime in the given context?
(a) Privatisation
(b) Government management
(c) Traditional management of sacred groves
(d) Individual ownership
Answer
Answer: (c) Traditional management of sacred groves
5.
Where have sacred groves been traditionally managed by village communities?
(a) North America
(b) Europe
(c) South India
(d) Australia
Answer
Answer: (c) South India
1.
When did India sign and ratify the 1997 Kyoto Protocol?
(a) 1997
(b) 2002
(c) 2005
(d) 2008
Answer
Answer: (b) 2002
2.
Which countries were exempt from the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol?
(a) Developed countries
(b) Developing countries, including India and China
(c) All countries
(d) European countries
Answer
Answer: (b) Developing countries, including India and China
3.
What do critics of the Kyoto Protocol point out?
(a) It is too strict
(b) It is ineffective
(c) Developing countries will become leading contributors to greenhouse gas emissions
(d) It favors developed countries
Answer
Answer: (c) Developing countries will become leading contributors to greenhouse gas emissions
4.
What did India point out at the G-8 meeting in June 2005?
(a) Developed countries should contribute more to emission reduction
(b) Developing countries should take more responsibility
(c) Per capita emission rates in developing countries are significantly higher
(d) Developing countries are not bound by emission reduction targets
Answer
Answer: (c) Per capita emission rates in developing countries are a tiny fraction of those in the developed world
5.
According to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, who does India believe has the major responsibility of curbing emissions?
(a) Developed countries
(b) Developing countries
(c) Both developed and developing countries
(d) United Nations
Answer
Answer: (a) Developed countries
6.
What is the primary concern of India regarding greenhouse gas emissions?
(a) India wants to increase its emissions
(b) India believes it is not contributing to emissions
(c) India is concerned about the per capita emission rates in developing countries
(d) India wants strict emission reduction targets
Answer
Answer: (c) India is concerned about the per capita emission rates in developing countries
7.
What was the main goal of the Kyoto Protocol?
(a) Promoting economic growth
(b) Halting industrial development
(c) Setting targets for industrialized countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions
(d) Encouraging deforestation
Answer
Answer: (c) Setting targets for industrialized countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions
8.
What does the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities emphasize?
(a) Equal responsibility for all countries
(b) Differentiated responsibilities based on historical contributions
(c) Developing countries are exempt from responsibilities
(d) No responsibilities for developing countries
Answer
Answer:
(b) Differentiated responsibilities based on historical contributions
1.
What is the primary basis of India’s international negotiating position in climate change discussions?
(a) Economic growth
(b) Historical responsibility
(c) Per capita emissions
(d) Recent industrialization
Answer
Answer: (b) Historical responsibility
2.
What does UNFCCC stand for?
(a) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(b) United Nations Convention on Environmental Protection
(c) Universal Negotiation Forum for Carbon Control
(d) Union of Nations Fighting for Clean Climate
Answer
Answer: (a) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
3.
What is India’s stance on introducing binding commitments for rapidly industrializing countries?
(a) India supports it
(b) India opposes it
(c) India is neutral
(d) India is undecided
Answer
Answer: (b) India opposes it
4.
According to India, what is likely to be the representation of its per capita carbon emissions by 2030?
(a) Equal to the world average
(b) More than the world average
(c) Less than half the world average in 2000
(d) Significantly higher than the world average
Answer
Answer: (c) Less than half the world average in 2000
5.
When did India ratify the Paris Climate Agreement?
(a) 2001
(b) 2016
(c) 1997
(d) 2012
Answer
Answer: (b) 2016
6.
What is one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world?
(a) Global Green Energy Initiative
(b) International Renewable Power Campaign
(c) India’s National Mission on Biodiesel
(d) United Nations Renewable Energy Project
Answer
Answer: (c) India’s National Mission on Biodiesel
7.
What did India undertake a review of in 1997?
(a) National Economy
(b) Implementation of global agreements
(c) Paris Climate Agreement
(d) National Auto-fuel Policy
Answer
Answer: (b) Implementation of global agreements
8.
What is one of the key conclusions from India’s review in 1997?
(a) Significant progress in technology transfer
(b) Meaningful progress in financial resource transfer
(c) No meaningful progress in technology and financial resource
transfer
(d) Developing countries’ refusal to cooperate
Answer
Answer: (c) No meaningful progress in technology and financial resource transfer
9.
What does India emphasize regarding SAARC countries?
(a) Uniformity in environmental policies
(b) Independent positions on global environmental issues
(c) Adoption of a common position on major global environment issues
(d) Formation of an environmental coalition
Answer
Answer: (c) Adoption of a common position on major global environment issues
10.
What is the primary focus of India’s international negotiating position?
(a) Carbon emissions reduction
(b) Economic and social development
(c) Binding commitments for developing countries
(d) Per capita emissions restrictions
Answer
Answer: (b) Economic and social development
11.
What does India consider unfair in climate change discussions?
(a) Developing countries’ responsibilities
(b) Developing countries’ exemptions
(c) Developed countries’ responsibilities
(d) Developed countries’ exemptions
Answer
Answer: (c) Developed countries’ responsibilities
12.
What is the predicted rise in India’s per capita carbon emissions by 2030?
(a) Equal to the world average
(b) Significantly higher than the world average
(c) Less than half the world average in 2000
(d) Exactly the same as in 2000
Answer
Answer: (c) Less than half the world average in 2000
13.
Which act encourages the use of renewable energy in India?
(a) National Auto-fuel Policy
(b) Energy Conservation Act
(c) Electricity Act
(d) Environmental Protection Act
Answer
Answer: (c) Electricity Act
14.
What was the key conclusion of India’s review of the agreements at the Earth Summit in Rio?
(a) Meaningful progress in financial resource transfer
(b) Significant progress in technology transfer
(c) No meaningful progress in technology and financial resource transfer
(d) Full cooperation from developed nations
Answer
Answer: (c) No meaningful progress in technology and financial resource transfer
15.
What is the stance of India regarding binding commitments for rapidly industrializing countries?
(a) Strongly supports
(b) Strongly opposes
(c) Neutral
(d) Partially supports
Answer
Answer: (b) Strongly opposes
1.
What is emphasized as a significant response to the challenge of environmental degradation?
(a) Government regulations
(b) International treaties
(c) Environmental movements
(d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (c) Environmental movements
2.
Where do most of the environmentally conscious volunteers work?
(a) Regional level
(b) International level
(c) National level
(d) Local level
Answer
Answer: (d) Local level
3.
What is one important trait of contemporary environmental movements?
(a) Uniformity
(b) Diversity
(c) Conformity
(d) Centralization
Answer
Answer: (b) Diversity
4.
Which industry is mentioned as one of the most powerful on the planet?
(a) Textile industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Minerals industry
(d) Technology industry
Answer
Answer: (c) Minerals industry
5.
Which region faces enormous pressures related to forest movements?
(a) North America
(b) Europe
(c) South America
(d) Asia and Africa
Answer
Answer: (d) Asia and Africa
6.
Despite three decades of environmental activism, what trend has increased in the last decade?
(a) Environmental awareness
(b) Forest conservation
(c) Destruction of grand forests
(d) Global cooperation
Answer
Answer: (c) Destruction of grand forests
7.
In which country did a network of groups campaign against the Western Mining Corporation?
(a) Brazil
(b) Australia
(c) Mexico
(d) India
Answer
Answer: (b) Australia
8.
What is the basis of opposition to the Western Mining Corporation in Australia?
(a) Economic reasons
(b) Environmental reasons
(c) Cultural reasons
(d) Political reasons
Answer
Answer: (b) Environmental reasons
9.
What does the destruction caused by the mineral industry continue to invite?
(a) Cooperation
(b) Criticism and resistance
(c) Global support
(d) Environmental awards
Answer
Answer: (b) Criticism and resistance
10.
Which country is mentioned as an example of significant efforts in adopting cleaner technologies?
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Brazil
(d) Australia
Answer
Answer: (b) India
11.
What does India find necessary in terms of developed countries and UNFCCC commitments?
(a) Military assistance
(b) Immediate withdrawal
(c) Financial resources and clean technologies
(d) Environmental regulations
Answer
Answer: (c) Financial resources and clean technologies
12.
What stance does India take regarding binding commitments on rapidly industrializing countries?
(a) Strong support
(b) Strong opposition
(c) Neutral
(d) Partial support
Answer
Answer: (b) Strong opposition
1.
What is the primary focus of movements against mega-dams?
(a) Forest conservation
(b) River system management
(c) Non-violence advocacy
(d) Sustainable agriculture
Answer
Answer: (b) River system management
2.
When did the first anti-dam movement in the North, the campaign to save the Franklin River, take place?
(a) 1960s
(b) 1970s
(c) 1980s
(d) 1990s
Answer
Answer: (c) 1980s
3.
Where has there been a recent spurt in mega-dam building?
(a) North America
(b) Europe
(c) The South
(d) Australia
Answer
Answer: (c) The South
4.
Which environmental movement in India is known for its opposition to dams?
(a) Chipko Movement
(b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(c) Save the Ganges Campaign
(d) Green Revolution Movement
Answer
Answer: (b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
5.
What is a significant shared idea in anti-dam and other environmental movements in India?
(a) Industrialization
(b) Non-violence
(c) Technological advancement
(d) Urbanization
Answer
Answer: (b) Non-violence
6.
What is the broader focus of anti-dam movements globally?
(a) Urban development
(b) Climate change
(c) Non-violent resistance
(d) Sustainable and equitable river management
Answer
Answer: (d) Sustainable and equitable river management
1.
What is the primary focus of resource geopolitics?
(a) Cultural exchange
(b) Military alliances
(c) Distribution of resources
(d) Trade and power expansion
Answer
Answer: (c) Distribution of resources
2.
What was the critical importance of naval timber supply for major European powers in the 17th century?
(a) Agricultural development
(b) Industrial revolution
(c) Maritime navigation
(d) Space exploration
Answer
Answer: (c) Maritime navigation
3.
What resource became a key priority for major European powers in the 17th century?
(a) Oil
(b) Timber
(c) Gold
(d) Coal
Answer
Answer: (b) Timber
4.
During the Cold War, what methods did industrialized countries adopt to ensure a steady flow of resources?
(a) Diplomatic isolation
(b) Military deployment
(c) Economic sanctions
(d) Educational reforms
Answer
Answer: (b) Military deployment
5.
What was a particular concern of Western strategic thinking during the Cold War?
(a) Cultural exchange
(b) Access to supplies
(c) Technological innovation
(d) Social equality
Answer
Answer: (b) Access to supplies
6.
After the Cold War, what continues to worry government and business decisions regarding several minerals?
(a) Technological advancements
(b) Human rights issues
(c) Security of supply
(d) Agricultural policies
Answer
Answer: (c) Security of supply
7.
What resource is highlighted as the most important in global strategy?
(a) Timber
(b) Oil
(c) Gold
(d) Coal
Answer
Answer: (b) Oil
8.
Which region was a particular concern for Western control of oil and strategic minerals during the Cold War?
(a) Southeast Asia
(b) North America
(c) Middle East
(d) Europe
Answer
Answer: (c) Middle East
9.
What was a significant concern of Western control during the Cold War?
(a) Technological advancements
(b) Access to timber
(c) Security of supply
(d) Environmental conservation
Answer
Answer: (c) Security of supply
10.
What is the primary focus of traditional Western strategic thinking?
(a) Cultural exchange
(b) Access to supplies
(c) Technological innovation
(d) Social equality
Answer
Answer: (b) Access to supplies
1.
What played a crucial role in the global economy as a portable and indispensable fuel in the 20th century?
(a) Coal
(b) Natural gas
(c) Oil
(d) Hydroelectric power
Answer
Answer: (c) Oil
2.
What percentage of global oil production does West Asia, particularly the Gulf region, account for?
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c) 30%
(d) 40%
Answer
Answer: (c) 30%
3.
Which country in West Asia has a quarter of the world’s total oil reserves?
(a) Iraq
(b) Iran
(c) Saudi Arabia
(d) Kuwait
Answer
Answer: (c) Saudi Arabia
4.
What region is described as the only one able to satisfy any substantial rise in oil demand?
(a) North America
(b) East Asia
(c) West Asia
(d) South America
Answer
Answer: (c) West Asia
5.
What is identified as a leading source of conflicts in the 21st century in the context of global politics?
(a) Technological advancements
(b) Religious differences
(c) Disagreements over freshwater
(d) Nuclear proliferation
Answer
Answer: (c) Disagreements over freshwater
6.
What term is used to describe the possibility of violent conflict over freshwater?
(a) Energy wars
(b) Oil conflicts
(c) Water wars
(d) Resource battles
Answer
Answer: (c) Water wars
7.
What is a typical disagreement between downstream and upstream states regarding shared rivers?
(a) Military alliances
(b) Pollution
(c) Trade imbalances
(d) Cultural exchange
Answer
Answer: (b) Pollution
8.
Which countries were involved in conflicts over attempts to divert water from the Jordan and Yarmuk Rivers in the 1950s and 1960s?
(a) India and Pakistan
(b) Israel, Syria, and Jordan
(c) USA and Canada
(d) Brazil and Argentina
Answer
Answer: (b) Israel, Syria, and Jordan
9.
What is the main concern of countries that share rivers, according to the provided content?
(a) Technological innovation
(b) Military alliances
(c) Environmental conservation
(d) Trade imbalances
Answer
Answer: (c) Environmental conservation
10.
What is the primary focus of traditional Western strategic thinking?
(a) Cultural exchange
(b) Access to supplies
(c) Technological innovation
(d) Social equality
Answer
Answer: (b) Access to supplies
11.
What has been the focus of interstate rivalry in the context of resource geopolitics?
(a) Religious conflicts
(b) Water rights
(c) Overseas resources and maritime navigation
(d) Environmental conservation
Answer
Answer: (c) Overseas resources and maritime navigation
12.
What resource is identified as relevant to global politics and prone to disagreements?
(a) Timber
(b) Natural gas
(c) Freshwater
(d) Minerals
Answer
Answer: (c) Freshwater
13.
What is considered a key priority for major European powers from the 17th century onwards?
(a) Access to coal mines
(b) Control of maritime navigation
(c) Preservation of biodiversity
(d) Naval timber supply
Answer
Answer: (d) Naval timber supply
14.
What has been the historical relationship between oil and political struggles?
(a) Cooperation and harmony
(b) Independence and self-sufficiency
(c) War and struggle
(d) Environmental conservation
Answer
Answer: (c) War and struggle
15.
What is the primary focus of the United States, Europe, Japan, India, and China in relation to oil?
(a) Production of oil
(b) Export of oil
(c) Consumption of oil
(d) Conservation of oil
Answer
Answer: (c) Consumption of oil
1.
How does the UN define indigenous populations?
(a) Descendants of people from other parts of the world
(b) Inhabitants of a country at the arrival of different cultures
(c) Current citizens of a country
(d) Immigrants from other territories
Answer
Answer: (b) Inhabitants of a country at the arrival of different cultures
2.
What distinguishes indigenous people’s lifestyle in the present day?
(a) Adherence to modern customs
(b) Conformity to country institutions
(c) Strict adherence to traditional customs and traditions
(d) Active participation in political movements
Answer
Answer: (c) Strict adherence to traditional customs and traditions
3.
How many indigenous peoples are estimated worldwide, including India?
(a) 3 crore
(b) 10 crore
(c) 20 crore
(d) 30 crore
Answer
Answer: (d) 30 crore
4.
What is the primary concern of indigenous voices in world politics?
(a) Economic development
(b) Political dominance
(c) Admission to the world community as equals
(d) Territorial expansion
Answer
Answer: (c) Admission to the world community as equals
5.
Which region is NOT mentioned as inhabited by indigenous people?
(a) Central and South America
(b) Africa
(c) Australia
(d) Europe
Answer
Answer: (d) Europe
6.
What phrase is commonly used by indigenous people to describe their continued occupancy of lands?
(a) “In modern times”
(b) “Since colonization”
(c) “Since times immemorial”
(d) “During recent centuries”
Answer
Answer: (c) “Since times immemorial”
7.
What is considered the most obvious threat to the survival of indigenous people?
(a) Loss of political autonomy
(b) Loss of cultural customs
(c) Loss of land
(d) Loss of economic resources
Answer
Answer: (c) Loss of land
8.
What do indigenous societies worldwide share similar worldviews about?
(a) Political dominance
(b) Technological innovation
(c) Land and life systems
(d) Industrialization
Answer
Answer: (c) Land and life systems
9
.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an area inhabited by indigenous people?
(a) Central and South America
(b) India
(c) Australia
(d) Europe
Answer
Answer: (d) Europe
10.
What is the primary request of indigenous people in relation to governments?
(a) Territorial expansion
(b) Economic development
(c) Recognition as enduring communities
(d) Political dominance
Answer
Answer: (c) Recognition as enduring communities
11.
What is the common interest shared by indigenous people worldwide?
(a) Territorial expansion
(b) Economic development
(c) Admission to the world community as equals
(d) Political dominance
Answer
Answer: (c) Admission to the world community as equals
12.
Which region is specifically mentioned as inhabited by indigenous people?
(a) Europe
(b) Oceania
(c) North America
(d) Asia
Answer
Answer: (d) Asia
13.
How are indigenous people described in relation to the institutions of the country they inhabit?
(a) Active participants
(b) Conforming citizens
(c) Cultural preservationists
(d) Critics
Answer
Answer: (c) Cultural preservationists
14.
What is the significance of the phrase “Since times immemorial” in the context of indigenous people?
(a) Recent colonization
(b) Continuous land occupancy
(c) Territorial expansion
(d) Political dominance
Answer
Answer: (b) Continuous land occupancy
15.
What is the primary concern for the survival of indigenous people according to the provided content?
(a) Loss of political autonomy
(b) Loss of cultural customs
(c) Loss of land
(d) Loss of economic resources
Answer
Answer: (c) Loss of land
1.
In India, the term ‘indigenous people’ is commonly associated with:
(a) Urban communities
(b) Scheduled Tribes
(c) Religious minorities
(d) Agricultural communities
Answer
Answer: (b) Scheduled Tribes
2.
What percentage of India’s population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
(a) 5%
(b) 8%
(c) 12%
(d) 15%
Answer
Answer: (b) 8%
3.
What was the primary subsistence method for most indigenous populations in India?
(a) Industrial labor
(b) Trade and commerce
(c) Hunting and gathering
(d) Land cultivation
Answer
Answer: (d) Land cultivation
4.
When did indigenous populations in India face external pressures on the areas they inhabited?
(a) Ancient times
(b) During Mughal rule
(c) British colonial rule
(d) Post-independence era
Answer
Answer: (c) British colonial rule
5.
What constitutional protection do Scheduled Tribes have in India?
(a) Economic privileges
(b) Educational benefits
(c) Political representation
(d) Land ownership rights
Answer
Answer: (c) Political representation
6.
What is the outcome of the development for indigenous communities since independence in India?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) Political empowerment
(c) Marginalization and displacement
(d) Social integration
Answer
Answer: (c) Marginalization and displacement
7.
When was the World Council of Indigenous Peoples formed?
(a) 1950
(b) 1965
(c) 1975
(d) 1980
Answer
Answer: (c) 1975
8.
What was the significance of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples in the UN?
(a) It received a Nobel Prize
(b) It achieved diplomatic recognition
(c) It became the first indigenous NGO with UN consultative status
(d) It initiated global trade agreements
Answer
Answer: (c) It became the first indigenous NGO with UN consultative status
9.
What common concern brought international indigenous leaders together during the 1970s?
(a) Economic reforms
(b) Climate change
(c) Shared experiences and rights
(d) Cultural preservation
Answer
Answer: (c) Shared experiences and rights
10.
Which movements against globalization focused on the rights of indigenous people?
(a) Labor unions
(b) Environmental movements
(c) Indigenous NGOs
(d) Anti-globalization movements
Answer
Answer: (d) Anti-globalization movements
1.
What environmental issue is highlighted in the content?
(a) Deforestation
(b) Air pollution
(c) Toxic water in the Aral Sea
(d) Climate change
Answer
Answer: (c) Toxic water in the Aral Sea
2.
What impact has the toxic water in the Aral Sea had on the fishing industry?
(a) Increased profits
(b) Collapse of the industry
(c) Expansion of fishing activities
(d) Diversification of products
Answer
Answer: (b) Collapse of the industry
3.
What is the impact of rising concentrations of salt in the soil?
(a) Increased crop yields
(b) No impact on crops
(c) High crop yields
(d) Low crop yields
Answer
Answer: (d) Low crop yields
4.
What humorous remark is made by the locals regarding the studies conducted on the Aral Sea?
(a) Locals complain about too many studies
(b) Locals suggest bringing more researchers
(c) Locals make jokes about filling the sea with water from studies
(d) Locals appreciate the studies
Answer
Answer: (c) Locals make jokes about filling the sea with water from studies
1.
What percentage of the world’s wilderness area does the Antarctic continental region represent?
(a) 14%
(b) 26%
(c) 70%
(d) 90%
Answer
Answer: (b) 26%
2.
Which component of the Antarctic marine ecosystem is central to the food chain?
(a) Fish
(b) Birds
(c) Krill
(d) Marine mammals
Answer
Answer: (c) Krill
3.
What role does the Antarctic play in maintaining climatic equilibrium?
(a) Warming the Earth
(b) Cooling the Earth
(c) Regulating greenhouse gas concentrations
(d) Creating hurricanes
Answer
Answer: (c) Regulating greenhouse gas concentrations
4.
Which countries have made legal claims to sovereign rights over Antarctic territory?
(a) USA and Russia
(b) UK, Argentina, Chile, Norway, France, Australia, and New Zealand
(c) Canada and Brazil
(d) China and India
Answer
Answer: (b) UK, Argentina, Chile, Norway, France, Australia, and New Zealand
5.
What activities have been limited in the Antarctic since 1959?
(a) Mining
(b) Industrial production
(c) Scientific research, fishing, and tourism
(d) Agriculture
Answer
Answer: (c) Scientific research, fishing, and tourism
6.
What is the predominant substance causing degradation in parts of the Antarctic region?
(a) Plastic waste
(b) Radioactive materials
(c) Oil spills
(d) Industrial pollutants
Answer
Answer: (c) Oil spills
7.
What percentage of planetary fresh water is represented by the Antarctic?
(a) 50%
(b) 60%
(c) 70%
(d) 80%
Answer
Answer: (c) 70%
8.
What is the importance of deep ice cores in the Antarctic?
(a) Source of drinking water
(b) Provide information about past climates
(c) Foundation for buildings
(d) Create artificial glaciers
Answer
Answer: (b) Provide information about past climates
9.
What is the predominant terrestrial life in the Antarctic?
(a) Large mammals
(b) Trees and plants
(c) Insects
(d) Few plants like microscopic algae, fungi, and lichen
Answer
Answer: (d) Few plants like microscopic algae, fungi, and lichen
10.
What is the opposing view held by most other states regarding the Antarctic?
(a) It should be divided into territories
(b) It is subject to exclusive jurisdiction of any state
(c) It should be open for settlement
(d
) It should be used for military purposes
Answer
Answer: (b) It is subject to exclusive jurisdiction of any state
1.
What are sacred groves in India?
(a) Unexplored caves
(b) Reserved hunting areas
(c) Parcels of uncut forest vegetation
(d) Ancient burial grounds
Answer
Answer: (c) Parcels of uncut forest vegetation
2.
What is the role of sacred groves in community-based resource management?
(a) Harvesting resources without regulation
(b) Ecologically sustained harvesting
(c) Industrial resource extraction
(d) Resource depletion
Answer
Answer: (b) Ecologically sustained harvesting
3.
What is the potential of sacred groves according to some researchers?
(a) Economic development
(b) Preservation of biodiversity, ecological functions, and cultural diversity
(c) Urbanization
(d) Industrialization
Answer
Answer: (b) Preservation of biodiversity, ecological functions, and cultural diversity
4.
What is the traditional value of sacred groves for Hindus?
(a) Economic resources
(b) Sites for housing
(c) Embodied spiritual and cultural attributes
(d) Agricultural lands
Answer
Answer: (c) Embodied spiritual and cultural attributes
5.
What is the basis for the long-standing commitment to preserving sacred groves?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) Resource scarcity
(c) Deep religious reverence for nature
(d) Urbanization
Answer
Answer: (c) Deep religious reverence for nature
6.
What problem arises in managing sacred groves?
(a) Over-harvesting
(b) Lack of community interest
(c) Legal ownership and operational control held by different entities
(d) Industrial pollution
Answer
Answer: (c) Legal ownership and operational control held by different entities
7.
What is fading with the advent of new national forest policies?
(a) Cultural diversity
(b) Ecological functions
(c) Institutional identity of sacred groves
(d) Economic resources
Answer
Answer: (c) Institutional identity of sacred groves
8.
What are sacred groves valued for in traditional societies?
(a) Industrial potential
(b) Economic growth
(c) Embodied spiritual and cultural attributes
(d) Sites for construction
Answer
Answer: (c) Embodied spiritual and cultural attributes
9.
What has slowly encroached on sacred forests in recent years?
(a) Scientific research
(b) Agricultural activities
(c) Industrialization
(d) Expansion and human settlement
Answer
Answer: (d) Expansion and human settlement
10.
What do sacred groves share characteristics with?
(a) Shopping malls
(b) Industrial zones
(c) Common property resource systems
(d) Urban centers
Answer
Answer: (c) Common property resource systems
1.
What was the cause of protests in Phulbari town, Bangladesh?
(a) Proposed construction of a shopping mall
(b) Introduction of a new water conservation project
(c) Open-cast coal mine project
(d) Implementation of an agricultural initiative
Answer
Answer: (c) Open-cast coal mine project
2.
Where did the protests against the coal mine project take place?
(a) Jal Yojana
(b) Jal Nagari
(c) Phulbari town
(d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (c) Phulbari town
3.
What year did the protests against the proposed coal mine project occur?
(a) 2006
(b) 2010
(c) 2002
(d) 2015
Answer
Answer: (a) 2006
1.
Who is the narrator of the passage?
(a) Mr. Bigoil
(b) Sheikh Petrodollah
(c) Mr & Mrs Gobbledoo Toppleton
(d) Unknown narrator
Answer
Answer: (b) Sheikh Petrodollah
2.
What is referred to as “filthy rich” in the passage?
(a) Black Gold
(b) The Royal Family
(c) Mr. Bigoil
(d) The Kingdom
Answer
Answer: (b) The Royal Family
3.
What resource is the Kingdom of Black Gold rich in?
(a) Silver
(b) Diamonds
(c) Oil
(d) Gold
Answer
Answer: (c) Oil
4.
Which country’s government is mentioned in the passage?
(a) The Kingdom of Black Gold
(b) Mr & Mrs Gobbledoo Toppleton’s
(c) Mr. Bigoil’s
(d) The Ruffians
Answer
Answer: (b) Mr & Mrs Gobbledoo Toppleton’s
5.
What does Sheikh Petrodollah value the most in his land?
(a) Military power
(b) Freedom and democracy
(c) Oil and loyalty
(d) Precious things
Answer
Answer: (d) Precious things
6.
What is the narrator’s attitude towards Bigoil’s government?
(a) Admiration
(b) Indifference
(c) Skepticism
(d) Hostility
Answer
Answer: (c) Skepticism
7.
What is the tone of Mr. & Mrs. Gobbledoo Toppleton’s section?
(a) Enthusiastic
(b) Sarcastic
(c) Humorous
(d) Fearful
Answer
Answer: (c) Humorous
8.
What does Sheikh Petrodollah believe in?
(a) Communism
(b) Capitalism
(c) Socialism
(d) Free market system
Answer
Answer: (d) Free market system
9.
Why do some of Mr & Mrs. Gobbledoo Toppleton’s people hate Toppleton?
(a) Unfair war games
(b) Changing rules
(c) Encroachment on sacred forests
(d) Inability to provide oil
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Answer
Answer: (b) Changing rules
10.
What is the primary focus of Mr. Bigoil and sons?
(a) Military dominance
(b) Environmental conservation
(c) Oil extraction and business
(d) Humanitarian efforts
Answer
Answer: (c) Oil extraction and business
11.
What is the significance of the new beauty mentioned in the passage?
(a) It’s a new law passed by Mr & Mrs. Gobbledoo Toppleton
(b) It represents a new political ideology
(c) It symbolizes environmental consciousness
(d) It’s a luxurious vehicle
Answer
Answer: (d) It’s a luxurious vehicle
12.
What are some activities limited in the Antarctic since 1959?
(a) Industrialization and urbanization
(b) Military operations and scientific research
(c) Fishing, tourism, and scientific research
(d) Agricultural development and mining
Answer
Answer: (c) Fishing, tourism, and scientific research
13.
What do sacred groves embody, according to the passage?
(a) Political power
(b) Ecological sustainability and cultural diversity
(c) Economic prosperity
(d) Scientific advancements
Answer
Answer: (b) Ecological sustainability and cultural diversity
14.
What role does the Antarctic play in maintaining?
(a) Economic equilibrium
(b) Political stability
(c) Climatic equilibrium
(d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Climatic equilibrium
15.
What is the primary source of information about the Antarctic environment mentioned in the passage?
(a) Satellite images
(b) Deep ice cores
(c) Scientific experiments
(d) Local observations
Answer
Answer: (b) Deep ice cores
1.
What is the initial task given to each student?
(a) List ten historical events
(b) Calculate daily expenses
(c) List ten items consumed/used daily
(d) Estimate future consumption trends
Answer
Answer: (c) List ten items consumed/used daily
2.
What kind of calculation is required for finished products like pen/pencil/computer?
(a) Time calculation
(b) Distance calculation
(c) Amount of resources calculation
(d) Financial calculation
Answer
Answer: (c) Amount of resources calculation
3.
What role is the teacher expected to play during this activity?
(a) Calculator
(b) Facilitator
(c) Assessor
(d) Supervisor
Answer
Answer: (b) Facilitator
4.
What is the purpose of collecting the approximate figures from each student?
(a) To calculate class attendance
(b) To measure academic performance
(c) To calculate the amount of natural resources consumed
(d) To determine daily routines
Answer
Answer: (c) To calculate the amount of natural resources consumed
5.
What is the teacher instructed to project using the collected figures?
(a) Student expenses
(b) Resource consumption by other classes
(c) Consumption trends in other countries
(d) Future population growth
Answer
Answer: (b) Resource consumption by other classes
6.
What category of countries should be considered while selecting countries for comparison?
(a) Populous countries
(b) Developed / Developing countries
(c) Geographically isolated countries
(d) Countries with historical significance
Answer
Answer: (b) Developed / Developing countries
7.
What is the primary focus of the students’ imagination in the last instruction?
(a) Extraterrestrial life
(b) Future technologies
(c) Resource consumption
(d) Artistic expression
Answer
Answer: (c) Resource consumption
8.
What does the passage suggest students estimate for items like water?
(a) Distance traveled
(b) Electricity used
(c) Chemical composition
(d) Weight of the item
Answer
Answer: (b) Electricity used
