**What is the primary focus of the discussion in this chapter?**
– (a) Technological advancements
– (b) Demographic transition
– (c) Environmental degradation
– (d) Water resources in India
Answer
Answer: (d) Water resources in India
**What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered with water?**
– (a) 71%
– (b) 50%
– (c) 30%
– (d) 10%
Answer
Answer: (a) 71%
**What percentage of the total water on earth is freshwater available for human use?**
– (a) 71%
– (b) 50%
– (c) 3%
– (d) 10%
Answer
Answer: (c) 3%
**Why is water scarcity considered a significant challenge?**
– (a) Abundant supplies
– (b) Overutilization and pollution
– (c) Equal distribution
– (d) Limited demand
Answer
Answer: (b) Overutilization and pollution
**What makes water a cyclic resource?**
– (a) Its abundance
– (b) Its availability for human use
– (c) Its continuous cycle on Earth
– (d) Its scarcity
Answer
Answer: (c) Its continuous cycle on Earth
**What is the primary focus of tensions and disputes related to water?**
– (a) Geographical distribution
– (b) Efficient use and conservation
– (c) Availability of freshwater
– (d) Sharing and control
Answer
Answer: (d) Sharing and control
**Why is freshwater effectively available for human use only in a small proportion?**
– (a) Overutilization
– (b) Pollution
– (c) Continuous cycle
– (d) Limited resources
Answer
Answer: (d) Limited resources
**What issues are becoming contested among communities, regions, and states?**
– (a) Technological advancements
– (b) Geographical shifts
– (c) Water scarcity
– (d) Demographic transition
Answer
Answer: (c) Water scarcity
**Why is the assessment, efficient use, and conservation of water necessary?**
– (a) To reduce technological advancements
– (b) To ensure development
– (c) To increase water pollution
– (d) To decrease overutilization
Answer
Answer: (b) To ensure development
**What is the greatest challenge posed by water scarcity?**
– (a) Increased demand
– (b) Abundant supplies
– (c) Reduced pollution
– (d) Limited geographical shifts
Answer
Answer: (a) Increased demand
**Which resource is not directly mentioned as a factor contributing to tensions and disputes related to water?**
– (a) Geographical distribution
– (b) Technological advancements
– (c) Efficient use
– (d) Pollution
Answer
Answer: (b) Technological advancements
**What is the primary focus of this chapter in terms of water resources?**
– (a) Global water distribution
– (b) Water scarcity issues
– (c) Water pollution control
– (d) Efficient water utilization
Answer
Answer: (b) Water scarcity issues
**Why is freshwater availability not uniform over space and time?**
– (a) Continuous cycle
– (b) Pollution
– (c) Limited resources
– (d) Overutilization
Answer
Answer: (a) Continuous cycle
**What are becoming contested issues among communities, regions, and states?**
– (a) Water conservation methods
– (b) Geographical shifts
– (c) Efficient water utilization
– (d) Sharing and control of water resources
Answer
Answer: (d) Sharing and control of water resources
**What is considered necessary to ensure development in relation to water resources?**
– (a) Overutilization
– (b) Efficient use and conservation
– (c) Increased demand
– (d) Pollution
Answer
Answer: (b) Efficient use and conservation
1. **What percentage of the world’s surface area does India account for?**
– (a) 1%
– (b) 2.45%
– (c) 5%
– (d) 10%
Answer
Answer: (b) 2.45%
2. **What percentage of the world’s water resources does India possess?**
– (a) 1%
– (b) 4%
– (c) 10%
– (d) 16%
Answer
Answer: (b) 4%
3. **How much of the world’s population does India have?**
– (a) 5%
– (b) 10%
– (c) 16%
– (d) 20%
Answer
Answer: (c) 16%
4. **What is the total water available from precipitation in India in a year?**
– (a) 1,000 cubic km
– (b) 2,000 cubic km
– (c) 4,000 cubic km
– (d) 5,000 cubic km
Answer
Answer: (c) 4,000 cubic km
5. **What is the total utilisable water resource in India?**
– (a) 500 cubic km
– (b) 1,000 cubic km
– (c) 1,122 cubic km
– (d) 2,000 cubic km
Answer
Answer: (c) 1,122 cubic km
6. **How much of the available water in India can be put to beneficial uses?**
– (a) 40%
– (b) 50%
– (c) 60%
– (d) 70%
Answer
Answer: (c) 60%
7. **What is the percentage of the world’s water resources considered replenishable groundwater in India?**
– (a) 20%
– (b) 30%
– (c) 40%
– (d) 50%
Answer
Answer: (c) 40%
8. **What is the total availability from surface water and replenishable groundwater in India?**
– (a) 1,500 cubic km
– (b) 1,750 cubic km
– (c) 1,869 cubic km
– (d) 2,000 cubic km
Answer
Answer: (c) 1,869 cubic km
9. **What is the primary focus of the discussion in this passage?**
– (a) Global water crisis
– (b) Water resources of India
– (c) Environmental conservation
– (d) Population distribution
Answer
Answer: (b) Water resources of India
10. **What does the term ‘utilisable water resource’ refer to in the context of India’s water resources?**
– (a) Total available water
– (b) Water suitable for agriculture
– (c) Water that can be put to beneficial uses
– (d) Water for industrial purposes
Answer
Answer: (c) Water that can be put to beneficial uses
1. **What are the four major sources of surface water mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Oceans, lakes, ponds, tanks
– (b) Rivers, oceans, lakes, tanks
– (c) Rivers, lakes, ponds, tanks
– (d) Rivers, oceans, ponds, tanks
Answer
Answer: (c) Rivers, lakes, ponds, tanks
2. **How many rivers and their tributaries longer than 1.6 km each are there in the country?**
– (a) 7,245
– (b) 8,500
– (c) 10,360
– (d) 12,000
Answer
Answer: (c) 10,360
3. **What percentage of the mean annual flow in all the river basins in India can be utilised?**
– (a) 15%
– (b) 25%
– (c) 32%
– (d) 40%
Answer
Answer: (c) 32%
4. **What does the water flow in a river depend on?**
– (a) The length of the river
– (b) The number of tributaries
– (c) The size of its catchment area or river basin and rainfall within its catchment area
– (d) The presence of lakes along the river
Answer
Answer: (c) The size of its catchment area or river basin and rainfall within its catchment area
5. **Which rivers account for 60% of the total surface water resources in India?**
– (a) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
– (b) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
– (c) Yamuna, Narmada, Mahanadi
– (d) Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
Answer
Answer: (b) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
6. **What is the main reason for the high surface water resources in the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak rivers?**
– (a) Large dams
– (b) Dense population
– (c) Huge catchment areas with high precipitation
– (d) Industrial development
Answer
Answer: (c) Huge catchment areas with high precipitation
7. **What rivers in south India have had much of their annual water flow harnessed?**
– (a) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
– (b) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
– (c) Yamuna, Narmada, Mahanadi
– (d) Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
Answer
Answer: (b) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
8. **Which basins are yet to harness much of their annual water flow?**
– (a) Ganga and Brahmaputra
– (b) Yamuna and Narmada
– (c) Godavari and Krishna
– (d) Indus and Jhelum
Answer
Answer: (a) Ganga and Brahmaputra
9. **What is the estimated mean annual flow in all the river basins in India?**
– (a) 500 cubic km
– (b) 1,000 cubic km
– (c) 1,500 cubic km
– (d) 1,869 cubic km
Answer
Answer: (d) 1,869 cubic km
10. **What percentage of the available surface water can be utilised in India?**
– (a) 20%
– (b) 32%
– (c) 45%
– (d) 60%
Answer
Answer: (b) 32%
11. **What is the primary focus of the discussion in this passage?**
– (a) Global water crisis
– (b) Distribution of rivers in India
– (c) Surface water resources in India
– (d) Industrial water usage
Answer
Answer: (c) Surface water resources in India
12. **Which rivers are mentioned as having huge catchment areas?**
– (a) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
– (b) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
– (c) Yamuna, Narmada, Mahanadi
– (d) Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
Answer
Answer: (b) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
13. **What percentage of rivers in India account for 60% of the total surface water resources?**
– (a) 20%
– (b) 30%
– (c) 40%
– (d) 50%
Answer
Answer: (a) 32%
14. **What is the key factor influencing the water
flow in a river?**
– (a) Length of the river
– (b) Number of dams
– (c) Size of its catchment area and rainfall within it
– (d) Presence of lakes along the river
Answer
Answer: (c) Size of its catchment area and rainfall within it
15. **Which rivers in south India have had much of their annual water flow harnessed?**
– (a) Ganga, Brahmaputra, Barak
– (b) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
– (c) Yamuna, Narmada, Mahanadi
– (d) Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
Answer
Answer: (b) Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
1. **What is the total replenishable groundwater resources in the country?**
– (a) 200 cubic km
– (b) 350 cubic km
– (c) 432 cubic km
– (d) 500 cubic km
Answer
Answer: (c) 432 cubic km
2. **In which regions are the groundwater utilisation levels relatively high according to the passage?**
– (a) Eastern and Southern
– (b) North-western and parts of South
– (c) Northern and Western
– (d) Central and Western
Answer
Answer: (b) North-western and parts of South
3. **Which states have very high groundwater utilisation, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala
– (b) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
– (c) Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
– (d) Maharashtra, Tripura, Karnataka
Answer
Answer: (b) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
4. **Which states are mentioned to utilize their groundwater resources at a moderate rate?**
– (a) Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala
– (b) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
– (c) Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
– (d) Maharashtra, Tripura, Karnataka
Answer
Answer: (c) Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
5. **What potential issues does the passage suggest may arise if the current trend of groundwater utilization continues?**
– (a) Increase in agricultural productivity
– (b) Excess availability of water
– (c) Social upheaval, disruptions, and hindrance to development
– (d) Decrease in population
Answer
Answer: (c) Social upheaval, disruptions, and hindrance to development
1. **Which Indian states mentioned in the passage have vast surface water resources in lagoons and lakes?**
– (a) Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka
– (b) Kerala, Odisha, and West Bengal
– (c) Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana
– (d) Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand
Answer
Answer: (b) Kerala, Odisha, and West Bengal
2. **What is the primary use of water in the lagoons and lakes mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Drinking water
– (b) Industrial purposes
– (c) Fishing and irrigation
– (d) Hydroelectric power generation
Answer
Answer: (c) Fishing and irrigation
3. **What is the typical characteristic of water in these lagoons and lakes according to the passage?**
– (a) Freshwater
– (b) Brackish
– (c) Saline
– (d) Polluted
Answer
Answer: (b) Brackish
4. **Which states have a vast coastline, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand
– (b) Rajasthan, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh
– (c) Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra
– (d) Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar
Answer
Answer: (c) Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra
5. **What crops are mentioned as being irrigated by water from these lagoons and lakes?**
– (a) Wheat and barley
– (b) Rice and coconut
– (c) Corn and soybeans
– (d) Cotton and sugarcane
Answer
Answer: (b) Rice and coconut
1. **What has traditionally dominated India’s economy?**
– (a) Industrial sector
– (b) Agricultural sector
– (c) Service sector
– (d) Educational sector
Answer
Answer: (b) Agricultural sector
2. **Which river valleys project is mentioned as a multipurpose project in the passage?**
– (a) Ganges-Brahmaputra Valley
– (b) Godavari Valley
– (c) Bhakra-Nangal
– (d) Yamuna Valley
Answer
Answer: (c) Bhakra-Nangal
3. **What percentage of India’s population has been historically dependent on agriculture?**
– (a) 50%
– (b) 75%
– (c) 92%
– (d) 25%
Answer
Answer: (c) 92%
4. **Which sector accounts for the majority of surface and groundwater utilization in India?**
– (a) Industrial sector
– (b) Agricultural sector
– (c) Domestic sector
– (d) Educational sector
Answer
Answer: (b) Agricultural sector
5. **What is the dominant factor in India’s current water demand?**
– (a) Industrial needs
– (b) Irrigational needs
– (c) Domestic needs
– (d) Recreational needs
Answer
Answer: (b) Irrigational needs
6. **Which of the following projects is not mentioned as a multipurpose river valleys project?**
– (a) Hirakud
– (b) Damodar Valley
– (c) Tungabhadra
– (d) Nagarjuna Sagar
Answer
Answer: (c) Tungabhadra
7. **What is the current share of the industrial sector in surface water utilization?**
– (a) 5%
– (b) 10%
– (c) 2%
– (d) 15%
Answer
Answer: (c) 2%
8. **Which sector is likely to see an increase in its share in the future, according to the passage?**
– (a) Agricultural sector
– (b) Industrial sector
– (c) Domestic sector
– (d) Educational sector
Answer
Answer: (b) Industrial sector
9. **What is the share of the domestic sector in groundwater utilization?**
– (a) 2%
– (b) 5%
– (c) 9%
– (d) 15%
Answer
Answer: (c) 9%
10. **Which sector accounts for the least share in total water utilization?**
– (a) Industrial sector
– (b) Agricultural sector
– (c) Domestic sector
– (d) Educational sector
Answer
Answer: (a) Industrial sector
11. **Which river valley project is associated with the states of Punjab and Haryana?**
– (a) Hirakud
– (b) Bhakra-Nangal
– (c) Damodar Valley
– (d) Nagarjuna Sagar
Answer
Answer: (b) Bhakra-Nangal
12. **What is the present share of industrial sector in groundwater utilization?**
– (a) 2%
– (b) 5%
– (c) 10%
– (d) 15%
Answer
Answer: (b) 5%
13. **Which
sector has the highest share in surface water utilization?**
– (a) Agricultural sector
– (b) Industrial sector
– (c) Domestic sector
– (d) Recreational sector
Answer
Answer: (a) Agricultural sector
14. **What is the future trend expected for the share of the industrial sector in water utilization?**
– (a) Increase
– (b) Decrease
– (c) Remain the same
– (d) Fluctuate
Answer
Answer: (a) Increase
15. **What is the current share of the domestic sector in surface water utilization?**
– (a) 5%
– (b) 10%
– (c) 2%
– (d) 15%
Answer
Answer: (a) 9%
1. **Why is irrigation necessary in agriculture in India?**
– (a) To prevent floods
– (b) To ensure regular water supply
– (c) To conserve water
– (d) To reduce humidity
Answer
Answer: (b) To ensure regular water supply
2. **Which regions in India are mentioned as being deficient in rainfall and drought-prone?**
– (a) West Bengal and Bihar
– (b) Punjab and Haryana
– (c) North-western India and Deccan plateau
– (d) Rajasthan and Maharashtra
Answer
Answer: (c) North-western India and Deccan plateau
3. **What makes it difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons in India?**
– (a) Excessive rainfall
– (b) Monsoon season
– (c) Spatio-temporal variability in rainfall
– (d) Humid climate
Answer
Answer: (c) Spatio-temporal variability in rainfall
4. **Which crops have high water requirements and necessitate irrigation?**
– (a) Wheat and rice
– (b) Pulses and millets
– (c) Barley and oats
– (d) Maize and sorghum
Answer
Answer: (a) Wheat and rice
5. **What does the provision of irrigation make possible in agriculture?**
– (a) Decreased productivity
– (b) Single cropping
– (c) Multiple cropping
– (d) Limited crop variety
Answer
Answer: (c) Multiple cropping
6. **Which states have seen the success of the green revolution strategy due to developed irrigation systems?**
– (a) West Bengal and Bihar
– (b) Rajasthan and Maharashtra
– (c) Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh
– (d) Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh
Answer
Answer: (c) Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh
7. **What percentage of the net sown area in Punjab is under irrigation?**
– (a) 76.1%
– (b) 51.3%
– (c) 85%
– (d) 60%
Answer
Answer: (a) 76.1%
8. **Which irrigation method is prominently used in Punjab and Haryana?**
– (a) Canal irrigation
– (b) Drip irrigation
– (c) Rainwater harvesting
– (d) Subsurface irrigation
Answer
Answer: (a) Canal irrigation
9. **What has been the impact of overusing groundwater resources in Punjab and Haryana?**
– (a) Increase in fluoride concentration
– (b) Decrease in arsenic concentration
– (c) Rise in groundwater table
– (d) Enhanced groundwater quality
Answer
Answer: (a) Increase in fluoride concentration
10. **What has led to the decline in groundwater table in some states like Rajasthan and Maharashtra?**
– (a) Decreased irrigation
– (b) Over-withdrawals
– (c) Increased rainfall
– (d) Efficient water conservation
Answer
Answer: (b) Over-withdrawals
11. **Which sector accounts for the highest share in total water utilization in the context of the passage?**
– (a) Industrial sector
– (b) Domestic sector
– (c) Agricultural sector
– (d) Recreational sector
Answer
Answer: (c) Agricultural sector
12. **What is the current share of the industrial sector in groundwater utilization according to the passage?**
– (a) 5%
– (b) 10%
– (c) 15%
– (d) 2%
Answer
Answer: (d) 2%
13. **Which region is mentioned as experiencing an increase in fluoride concentration due to overuse of groundwater resources?**
– (a) West Bengal and Bihar
– (b) Punjab and Haryana
– (c) Rajasthan and Maharashtra
– (d) Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh
Answer
Answer: (a) West Bengal and Bihar
14. **What percentage of net irrigated area in Haryana is irrigated through wells and tubewells?**
– (a) 76.1%
– (b) 51.3%
– (c) 85%
– (d) 60%
Answer
Answer: (b) 51.3%
15. **Which agricultural strategy has been largely successful in Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh?**
– (a) Blue Revolution
– (b) Organic Farming
– (c) Green Revolution
– (d) Sustainable Agriculture
Answer
Answer: (c) Green Revolution
1. **What is the primary reason for the dwindling per capita availability of water?**
– (a) Decrease in industrial activities
– (b) Increase in population
– (c) Improved water conservation
– (d) Reduction in agricultural practices
Answer
Answer: (b) Increase in population
2. **What are the sources of pollution mentioned in the passage that limit the availability of usable water resources?**
– (a) Only industrial effluents
– (b) Only agricultural effluents
– (c) Industrial, agricultural, and domestic effluents
– (d) Only domestic effluents
Answer
Answer: (c) Industrial, agricultural, and domestic effluents
3. **How is the per capita availability of water affected over time according to the passage?**
– (a) It is increasing steadily
– (b) It remains constant
– (c) It is fluctuating
– (d) It is dwindling day-by-day
Answer
Answer: (d) It is dwindling day-by-day
4. **What is the consequence of the increase in pollution from various sources?**
– (a) Increased availability of usable water
– (b) Improved water quality
– (c) Limiting the availability of usable water resources
– (d) Reduction in population growth
Answer
Answer: (c) Limiting the availability of usable water resources
5. **Which sector contributes to the pollution of water resources, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Agricultural sector
– (b) Industrial sector
– (c) Domestic sector
– (d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
1. **What does water quality refer to?**
– (a) Quantity of water
– (b) Temperature of water
– (c) Purity of water
– (d) Color of water
Answer
Answer: (c) Purity of water
2. **What are the unwanted foreign substances that can deteriorate water quality?**
– (a) Only micro-organisms
– (b) Only chemicals
– (c) Industrial and other wastes
– (d) Micro-organisms, chemicals, and industrial wastes
Answer
Answer: (d) Micro-organisms, chemicals, and industrial wastes
3. **When toxic substances enter water bodies, what happens to them?**
– (a) They evaporate
– (b) They remain unaffected
– (c) They get dissolved or lie suspended
– (d) They disappear
Answer
Answer: (c) They get dissolved or lie suspended
4. **What is the consequence of water pollution on aquatic systems?**
– (a) Improved quality of water
– (b) No impact on aquatic systems
– (c) Deterioration of water quality
– (d) Increase in water purity
Answer
Answer: (c) Deterioration of water quality
5. **Which rivers are mentioned as highly polluted in the passage?**
– (a) Ganges and Brahmaputra
– (b) Yamuna and Saraswati
– (c) Ganga and Yamuna
– (d) Godavari and Krishna
Answer
Answer: (c) Ganga and Yamuna
6. **What term is used for substances that render water unfit for human use?**
– (a) Purifiers
– (b) Pollutants
– (c) Clarifiers
– (d) Neutralizers
Answer
Answer: (b) Pollutants
7. **In what ways can pollutants affect water bodies according to the passage?**
– (a) Only through evaporation
– (b) By remaining inert
– (c) By getting dissolved or lying suspended
– (d) By changing color
Answer
Answer: (c) By getting dissolved or lying suspended
8. **What can sometimes happen to pollutants that enter water bodies?**
– (a) They disappear completely
– (b) They evaporate rapidly
– (c) They seep down and pollute groundwater
– (d) They remain on the surface
Answer
Answer: (c) They seep down and pollute groundwater
9. **What is the primary focus of the passage regarding water quality?**
– (a) Increase in water quantity
– (b) Preservation of natural color
– (c) Prevention of water pollution
– (d) Purity of water
Answer
Answer: (d) Purity of water
10. **What role do micro-organisms play in water quality, according to the passage?**
– (a) They improve water quality
– (b) They are neutral
– (c) They deteriorate water quality
– (d) They only affect the color of water
Answer
Answer: (c) They deteriorate water quality
11. **Which term is used to describe substances that dissolve or lie suspended in water?**
– (a) Dissolvents
– (b) Suspended particles
– (c) Immiscible
– (d) Soluble elements
Answer
Answer: (b) Suspended particles
12. **What is the primary consequence of pollutants seeping down and polluting groundwater?**
– (a) Increased groundwater quality
– (b) No impact on groundwater
– (c) Groundwater depletion
– (d) Groundwater purification
Answer
Answer: (c) Groundwater depletion
13. **What percentage of surface water is utilized for human needs according to the passage?**
– (a) 20%
– (b) 40%
– (c) 60%
– (d) 80%
Answer
Answer: (c) 60%
14. **Which rivers are mentioned as examples of highly polluted rivers in the country?**
– (a) Brahmaputra and Ganga
– (b) Godavari and Krishna
– (c) Yamuna and Ganga
– (d) Saraswati and Yamuna
Answer
Answer: (c) Yamuna and Ganga
15. **What is the primary impact of pollution on groundwater resources?**
– (a) Increase in groundwater availability
– (b) Groundwater enrichment
– (c) Decline in groundwater quality
– (d) Groundwater purification
Answer
Answer: (c) Decline in groundwater quality
1. **Why is there a need for water conservation and management?**
– (a) Abundance of freshwater
– (b) Declining availability of freshwater
– (c) Excessive sea/ocean water
– (d) Low demand for water
Answer
Answer: (b) Declining availability of freshwater
2. **Why is water availability from sea/ocean considered negligible for India?**
– (a) High cost of desalinization
– (b) Abundant rainfall
– (c) Proximity to large water bodies
– (d) Effective policies
Answer
Answer: (a) High cost of desalinization
3. **What is emphasized in the passage as essential for sustainable development?**
– (a) Abundant sea/ocean water
– (b) Conservation of freshwater
– (c) Declining demand for water
– (d) Cost-effective desalinization
Answer
Answer: (b) Conservation of freshwater
4. **What steps does the passage recommend for water conservation?**
– (a) Increasing pollution
– (b) Encouraging sea/ocean water use
– (c) Developing water-saving technologies
– (d) Ignoring watershed development
Answer
Answer: (c) Developing water-saving technologies
5. **Why is the availability of water from sea/ocean considered negligible?**
– (a) Abundance of sea water
– (b) High cost of desalinization
– (c) Effective policies
– (d) Negligible demand for water
Answer
Answer: (b) High cost of desalinization
6. **What measures are mentioned in the passage for preventing pollution?**
– (a) Ignoring watershed development
– (b) Encouraging sea/ocean water use
– (c) Water recycling and reuse
– (d) Neglecting conservation efforts
Answer
Answer: (c) Water recycling and reuse
7. **What is considered a precious life-giving resource in the passage?**
– (a) Air
– (b) Land
– (c) Freshwater
– (d) Minerals
Answer
Answer: (c) Freshwater
8. **What is the primary focus of water management for sustainable development?**
– (a) Encouraging pollution
– (b) Decreasing demand
– (c) Conserving freshwater
– (d) Ignoring policies
Answer
Answer: (c) Conserving freshwater
9. **What role does desalinization play in water availability, according to the passage?**
– (a) Significant role
– (b) No role
– (c) Low cost
– (d) Negligible role
Answer
Answer: (d) Negligible role
10. **What is the significance of watershed development according to the passage?**
– (a) Decreasing water demand
– (b) Preventing pollution
– (c) Encouraging water recycling
– (d) Sustaining water supply in the long run
Answer
Answer: (d) Sustaining water supply in the long run
11. **Why is rainwater harvesting mentioned as an essential measure?**
– (a) To increase pollution
– (b) To decrease groundwater
– (c) To conserve water
– (d) To encourage sea water use
Answer
Answer: (c) To conserve water
12. **What does the passage highlight regarding the cost of desalinization?**
– (a) It is low
– (b) It is negligible
– (c) It is high
– (d) It is not mentioned
Answer
Answer: (c) It is high
13. **What is considered negligible in terms of water availability?**
– (a) Rainwater
– (b) Freshwater
– (c) Sea water
– (d) Industrial effluents
Answer
Answer: (c) Sea water
14. **What is the need for effective policies and laws, according to the passage?**
– (a) To increase pollution
– (b) To decrease demand
– (c) To encourage sea water use
– (d) To conserve and manage water
Answer
Answer: (d) To conserve and manage water
15. **
What is the primary purpose of conjunctive use of water, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Encouraging sea water use
– (b) Conserving groundwater
– (c) Neglecting water recycling
– (d) Increasing pollution
Answer
Answer: (b) Conserving groundwater
1. **What is the primary cause of water pollution in rivers in plains, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) High concentrations of heavy metals
– (b) Industrial effluents
– (c) Agricultural fertilizers
– (d) Domestic solid waste
Answer
Answer: (b) Industrial effluents
2. **When is the concentration of pollutants in rivers particularly high, according to the passage?**
– (a) Monsoon season
– (b) Winter season
– (c) Summer season
– (d) Spring season
Answer
Answer: (c) Summer season
3. **Which river is mentioned as the most polluted between Delhi and Etawah?**
– (a) Gomti
– (b) Yamuna
– (c) Sabarmati
– (d) Kali
Answer
Answer: (b) Yamuna
4. **What is the main source of pollution in rivers, as indicated by the data obtained from monitoring stations?**
– (a) Industrial effluents
– (b) Heavy metals
– (c) Organic and bacterial contamination
– (d) Agricultural fertilizers
Answer
Answer: (c) Organic and bacterial contamination
5. **Which legislative provisions are mentioned in the passage that aim to control water pollution?**
– (a) Water Cess Act, 1977
– (b) Environment Protection Act, 1986
– (c) Both (a) and (b)
– (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
6. **Which river in Lucknow is mentioned as severely polluted in the passage?**
– (a) Kali
– (b) Gomti
– (c) Sabarmati
– (d) Adyar
Answer
Answer: (b) Gomti
7. **What is the main focus of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974?**
– (a) Increasing water pollution
– (b) Reducing water pollution
– (c) Promoting industrial effluents
– (d) Ignoring pollution control
Answer
Answer: (b) Reducing water pollution
8. **Which river in Ahmedabad is mentioned as severely polluted?**
– (a) Kali
– (b) Adyar
– (c) Sabarmati
– (d) Cooum
Answer
Answer: (c) Sabarmati
9. **What is the status of the legislative provisions mentioned in the passage, according to the author?**
– (a) Effectively implemented
– (b) Marginally impactful
– (c) Highly successful
– (d) Not mentioned in the passage
Answer
Answer: (b) Marginally impactful
10. **Which river in Hyderabad is mentioned as severely polluted in the passage?**
– (a) Ganga
– (b) Adyar
– (c) Musi
– (d) Vaigai
Answer
Answer: (c) Musi
11. **What kind of contaminants has led to groundwater pollution, according to the passage?**
– (a) Organic and bacterial contaminants
– (b) Industrial effluents
– (c) Heavy/toxic metals, fluoride, and nitrates
– (d) Agricultural fertilizers
Answer
Answer: (c) Heavy/toxic metals, fluoride, and nitrates
12. **What is the main purpose of the Water Cess Act, 1977?**
– (a) Encouraging water pollution
– (b) Reducing pollution
– (c) Ignoring pollution control
– (d) Increasing industrial effluents
Answer
Answer: (b) Reducing pollution
13. **What has been the impact of the
Water Cess Act, 1977, as per the passage?**
– (a) Highly impactful
– (b) Marginally impactful
– (c) No impact
– (d) Not mentioned in the passage
Answer
Answer: (b) Marginally impactful
14. **What is the need emphasized in the passage for controlling water pollution effectively?**
– (a) Legislative provisions
– (b) Public awareness and action
– (c) Industrial effluents
– (d) Agricultural fertilizers
Answer
Answer: (b) Public awareness and action
15. **Which river is mentioned as severely polluted at Kanpur and Varanasi?**
– (a) Sabarmati
– (b) Gomti
– (c) Yamuna
– (d) Musi
Answer
Answer: (c) Yamuna
1. **What is one of the ways to improve fresh water availability, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Extracting water from the sea
– (b) Reducing industrial water consumption
– (c) Recycle and reuse of water
– (d) Increasing water pollution
Answer
Answer: (c) Recycle and reuse of water
2. **For what purposes can industries use reclaimed wastewater, according to the passage?**
– (a) Drinking purposes
– (b) Gardening, cooling, and fire fighting
– (c) Irrigation and agriculture
– (d) Industrial cleaning processes
Answer
Answer: (b) Gardening, cooling, and fire fighting
3. **In urban areas, what is suggested to be done with water after bathing and washing utensils?**
– (a) Discard it in drains
– (b) Use it for cooking purposes
– (c) Utilize it for gardening
– (d) Save it for industrial use
Answer
Answer: (c) Utilize it for gardening
4. **What would be the benefit of using water used for washing vehicles for gardening, according to the passage?**
– (a) It improves vehicle cleanliness
– (b) It reduces water pollution
– (c) It enhances soil fertility
– (d) It conserves better quality water for drinking
Answer
Answer: (d) It conserves better quality water for drinking
5. **How is the current practice of recycling water described in the passage?**
– (a) Extensive
– (b) Limited
– (c) Inefficient
– (d) Non-existent
Answer
Answer: (b) Limited
1. **What does watershed management primarily focus on?**
– (a) Forest conservation
– (b) Efficient management of water resources
– (c) Agricultural development
– (d) Urban planning
Answer
Answer: (b) Efficient management of water resources
2. **In the context of watershed management, what is Haryali?**
– (a) A river
– (b) A village
– (c) A watershed development project
– (d) A type of water-harvesting structure
Answer
Answer: (c) A watershed development project
3. **Who executes the Haryali project?**
– (a) State Government
– (b) Central Government
– (c) Gram Panchayats with people’s participation
– (d) Non-governmental organizations
Answer
Answer: (c) Gram Panchayats with people’s participation
4. **Which state has made water harvesting structures in houses compulsory?**
– (a) Rajasthan
– (b) Andhra Pradesh
– (c) Tamil Nadu
– (d) Haryana
Answer
Answer: (c) Tamil Nadu
5. **What is the Neeru-Meeru program associated with?**
– (a) Watershed development in Andhra Pradesh
– (b) Forest conservation in Rajasthan
– (c) Urban water management in Tamil Nadu
– (d) Fisheries development in Haryana
Answer
Answer: (a) Watershed development in Andhra Pradesh
6. **What structures are mentioned as part of water-harvesting in Arvary Pani Sansad?**
– (a) Bridges
– (b) Percolation tanks
– (c) Highways
– (d) Tall buildings
Answer
Answer: (b) Percolation tanks
7. **What is the key factor determining the success of watershed development?**
– (a) Government funding
– (b) Community participation
– (c) International support
– (d) Technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (b) Community participation
8. **Which term is used to describe the water and you program in Andhra Pradesh?**
– (a) Jaldhar
– (b) Neeru-Meeru
– (c) Pani Sansad
– (d) Jalamitra
Answer
Answer: (b) Neeru-Meeru
9. **What does Arvary Pani Sansad focus on in Rajasthan?**
– (a) Forest conservation
– (b) Watershed development
– (c) Urban planning
– (d) Desertification control
Answer
Answer: (b) Watershed development
10. **Which organization is mentioned as implementing watershed development programs in addition to government agencies?**
– (a) United Nations
– (b) World Bank
– (c) Non-governmental organizations
– (d) International Red Cross
Answer
Answer: (c) Non-governmental organizations
11. **What is the objective of the Watershed Management approach?**
– (a) Forest conservation
– (b) Achieving a balance between natural resources and society
– (c) Industrial development
– (d) Wildlife protection
Answer
Answer: (b) Achieving a balance between natural resources and society
12. **What does the term “Johad” refer to in the context of water-harvesting structures?**
– (a) A type of well
– (b) Dug-out ponds
– (c) Check dams
– (d) Percolation tanks
Answer
Answer: (b) Dug-out ponds
13. **Which government sponsors the Haryali watershed development project?**
– (a) State Government
– (b) Local Government
– (c) Central Government
– (d) International Government
Answer
Answer: (c) Central Government
14. **What is the main aim of the Neeru-Meeru program in Andhra Pradesh?**
– (a) Forest conservation
– (b) Watershed development
– (c) Fisheries development
– (d) Desertification control
Answer
Answer: (b) Watershed development
15. **Why is there a need for generating awareness about watershed development among people?**
– (a) To increase government funding
– (b) To ensure sustainable water availability
– (c) To attract international support
– (d) To promote technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (b) To ensure sustainable water availability
1. **What is rainwater harvesting primarily used for?**
– (a) Irrigation
– (b) Recharging groundwater
– (c) Soil erosion prevention
– (d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
2. **What is the traditional method of rainwater harvesting in rural areas?**
– (a) Borewell recharge
– (b) Rooftop collection
– (c) Use of surface storage bodies
– (d) Underground tank construction
Answer
Answer: (c) Use of surface storage bodies
3. **In Rajasthan, what are the local names for rainwater harvesting structures?**
– (a) Kund and Tanka
– (b) Borewell and Pit
– (c) Lake and Pond
– (d) Irrigation tank and Well
Answer
Answer: (a) Kund and Tanka
4. **How does rainwater harvesting help in improving groundwater quality?**
– (a) By increasing contaminants
– (b) By diluting contaminants like fluoride and nitrates
– (c) By preventing soil erosion
– (d) By causing flooding
Answer
Answer: (b) By diluting contaminants like fluoride and nitrates
5. **What is the scope of rainwater harvesting in conserving water resources?**
– (a) Limited to rural areas
– (b) Limited to urban areas
– (c) Limited to specific states
– (d) Wide scope for conserving precious water resource
Answer
Answer: (d) Wide scope for conserving precious water resource
6. **What is the significance of rainwater harvesting in urban areas?**
– (a) Decreases energy consumption
– (b) Increases dependence on groundwater
– (c) Causes flooding
– (d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (a) Decreases energy consumption
7. **What is one potential remedy mentioned for solving water problems in India?**
– (a) Decreasing reliance on rainwater harvesting
– (b) Desalinization of water in coastal areas
– (c) Increasing soil erosion
– (d) Allowing saltwater intrusion in coastal areas
Answer
Answer: (b) Desalinization of water in coastal areas
8. **What issue is highlighted as crucial from the perspective of individual users, households, and communities?**
– (a) Pricing of water
– (b) Availability of water
– (c) Quality of water
– (d) Quantity of water
Answer
Answer: (a) Pricing of water
9. **How does rainwater harvesting contribute to checking the declining groundwater table?**
– (a) By promoting flooding
– (b) By causing soil erosion
– (c) By increasing water availability
– (d) By decreasing water availability
Answer
Answer: (c) By increasing water availability
10. **What role does rainwater harvesting play in preventing saltwater intrusion in coastal areas?**
– (a) No role
– (b) Increases saltwater intrusion
– (c) Decreases saltwater intrusion
– (d) Causes flooding in coastal areas
Answer
Answer: (c) Decreases saltwater intrusion
11. **What is the benefit of rainwater harvesting on a massive scale in urban areas?**
– (a) Increased dependence on groundwater
– (b) Decreased demand for water
– (c) Increased flooding
– (d) Decreased energy consumption
Answer
Answer: (b) Decreased demand for water
12. **What does the term “Kund” refer to in the context of rainwater harvesting structures in Rajasthan?**
– (a) Rooftop collection
– (b) Surface storage bodies
– (c) Underground tank
– (d) Irrigation tank
Answer
Answer: (c) Underground tank
13. **Why is rainwater harvesting considered a low-cost technique?**
– (a) It requires expensive equipment
– (b) It involves complex technology
– (c) It uses natural processes and simple structures
– (d) It is only applicable in urban areas
Answer
Answer: (c) It uses natural processes and simple structures
14. **How does rainwater harvesting contribute to reducing community dependence on groundwater?**
– (a) By increasing groundwater extraction
– (b) By causing flooding
– (c) By decreasing groundwater extraction
– (d) By increasing soil erosion
Answer
Answer: (c) By decreasing groundwater extraction
15. **What potential solution is suggested for solving water problems in India, particularly regarding water transfer between regions?**
– (a) Urbanization
– (b) Desalinization
– (c) Inter-linking of rivers
– (d) Rainwater harvesting in urban areas
Answer
Answer: (c) Inter-linking of rivers
1. **Where is Ralegan Siddhi located?**
– (a) Rajasthan
– (b) Gujarat
– (c) Maharashtra
– (d) Haryana
Answer
Answer: (c) Maharashtra
2. **What issues was Ralegan Siddhi facing in 1975 before the transformation?**
– (a) Water scarcity
– (b) Poverty and illicit liquor trade
– (c) Caste discrimination
– (d) Dowry system
Answer
Answer: (b) Poverty and illicit liquor trade
3. **Who initiated the watershed development in Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) A retired teacher
– (b) A retired army personnel
– (c) A government official
– (d) A social worker
Answer
Answer: (b) A retired army personnel
4. **Why was voluntary labor considered necessary in the watershed development projects?**
– (a) To increase government funding
– (b) To ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids
– (c) To promote open grazing
– (d) To encourage illicit liquor trade
Answer
Answer: (b) To ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids
5. **What was the first project undertaken for watershed development in Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) Rooftop collection
– (b) Percolation tank construction
– (c) Underground tank construction
– (d) Irrigation tank construction
Answer
Answer: (b) Percolation tank construction
6. **What was the condition of the percolation tank in 1975, and how was it addressed?**
– (a) It was leaking, and people volunteered to repair the embankment
– (b) It was overflowing, and people decided to build a new tank
– (c) It was dry, and the government provided funds for repair
– (d) It was well-maintained, and no action was needed
Answer
Answer: (a) It was leaking, and people volunteered to repair the embankment
7. **What is the name of the youth group formed in Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) Yuva Sangh
– (b) Tarun Mandal
– (c) Young India
– (d) Youth Brigade
Answer
Answer: (b) Tarun Mandal
8. **What social issues did Tarun Mandal work to address?**
– (a) Water scarcity
– (b) Dowry system, caste discrimination, and untouchability
– (c) Poverty and illicit liquor trade
– (d) Open grazing
Answer
Answer: (b) Dowry system, caste discrimination, and untouchability
9. **What activities were banned by Tarun Mandal in Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) Voluntary labor
– (b) Dowry system
– (c) Open grazing
– (d) Water-intensive crop cultivation
Answer
Answer: (c) Open grazing
10. **What crops were encouraged in Ralegan Siddhi to conserve water?**
– (a) Sugarcane
– (b) Pulses, oilseeds, and certain cash crops with low water requirements
– (c) Wheat and rice
– (d) Fruits and vegetables
Answer
Answer: (b) Pulses, oilseeds, and certain cash crops with low water requirements
11. **How were local body elections conducted in Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) Through a voting system
– (b) On the basis of consensus
– (c) Through a lottery system
– (d) Through a competitive exam
Answer
Answer: (b) On the basis of consensus
12. **What informal courts were set up in Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) Lok Adalats
– (b) Nyay Panchayats
– (c) Judicial Tribunals
– (d) Legal Committees
Answer
Answer: (b) Nyay Panchayats
13. **How was the school building in Ralegan Siddhi funded and constructed?**
– (a) Government funding
– (b) Donations
– (c) Borrowed money, and villagers paid back
– (d) Built by volunteers
Answer
Answer: (c) Borrowed money, and villagers paid back
14. **What does the leader of the movement say about the future of Ralegan Siddhi’s evolution?**
– (a) The process will stop
– (b) The village will remain the same
– (c) The village might present a different model in the future
– (d) The village will regress
Answer
Answer: (c) The village might present a different model in the future
15. **What question arises regarding the prosperity of Ralegan Siddhi?**
– (a) The need for more government funding
– (b) The ability of the present generation to continue the work
– (c) The need for more water-intensive crops
– (d) The need for more illegal activities
Answer
Answer: (b) The ability of the present generation to continue the work
1. **What is the first priority in water allocation according to India’s National Water Policy 2002?**
– (a) Irrigation
– (b) Industrial use
– (c) Drinking water
– (d) Hydro-power
Answer
Answer: (c) Drinking water
2. **According to the policy, what is a key feature of irrigation and multi-purpose projects?**
– (a) They should exclude drinking water components
– (b) They should focus only on industrial use
– (c) They should invariably include a drinking water component
– (d) They should prioritize hydro-power generation
Answer
Answer: (c) They should invariably include a drinking water component
3. **What is the first priority in the National Water Policy for providing water?**
– (a) Industrial use
– (b) Irrigation
– (c) Drinking water for all human beings and animals
– (d) Hydro-power generation
Answer
Answer: (c) Drinking water for all human beings and animals
4. **What does the National Water Policy 2002 suggest regarding the exploitation of groundwater?**
– (a) It should be encouraged without restrictions
– (b) It should be limited and regulated
– (c) It should only be used for industrial purposes
– (d) It should be completely banned
Answer
Answer: (b) It should be limited and regulated
5. **How does the policy recommend improving water quality in both surface and groundwater?**
– (a) By increasing groundwater exploitation
– (b) By constructing more irrigation projects
– (c) By regularly monitoring for quality and implementing a phased program for improvement
– (d) By promoting open access to water resources
Answer
Answer: (c) By regularly monitoring for quality and implementing a phased program for improvement
1. **What is the primary aim of the Jal Kranti Abhiyan launched by the Government of India in 2015–16?**
– (a) Economic development
– (b) Ensuring water security
– (c) Population control
– (d) Environmental conservation
Answer
Answer: (b) Ensuring water security
2. **What is the unique situation that India faces, according to the provided information?**
– (a) Low population growth
– (b) Slow economic development
– (c) High population growth and rapid economic development with high water demand
– (d) Abundant water supply
Answer
Answer: (c) High population growth and rapid economic development with high water demand
3. **What does the Jal Kranti Abhiyan aim to create in each water-stressed village across 672 districts?**
– (a) Jal Yojana
– (b) Jal Nagari
– (c) Jal Gram
– (d) Jal Kshetra
Answer
Answer: (c) Jal Gram
4. **Where are model command areas of about 1000 hectares identified under the Jal Kranti Abhiyan?**
– (a) Only in South India
– (b) Only in North India
– (c) In different parts of the country
– (d) Only in West India
Answer
Answer: (c) In different parts of the country
5. **What is one of the proposed activities under the Jal Kranti Abhiyan for abatement of pollution?**
– (a) Construction of concrete structures
– (b) Increasing groundwater pollution
– (c) Water conservation and artificial recharge
– (d) Draining water bodies
Answer
Answer: (c) Water conservation and artificial recharge
6. **Which of the following is NOT identified as a model command area under the Jal Kranti Abhiyan?**
– (a) Tamil Nadu
– (b) Haryana
– (c) Meghalaya
– (d) Punjab
Answer
Answer: (d) Punjab
7. **What is the role of local bodies, NGOs, and citizens in the Jal Kranti Abhiyan?**
– (a) Exclusively responsible for implementation
– (b) Funding the entire project
– (c) Creating awareness regarding the objectives
– (d) Providing political support
Answer
Answer: (c) Creating awareness regarding the objectives
8. **How is mass awareness proposed to be created under the Jal Kranti Abhiyan?**
– (a) Through traditional methods only
– (b) Through social media, radio, TV, print media, poster, and essay writing competitions in schools
– (c) Only through TV advertisements
– (d) Through government-sponsored events only
Answer
Answer: (b) Through social media, radio, TV, print media, poster, and essay writing competitions in schools
9. **What is the overarching goal of the Jal Kranti Abhiyan as mentioned in the content?**
– (a) Economic development
– (b) Water security leading to livelihood and food security
– (c) Environmental conservation
– (d) Population control
Answer
Answer: (b) Water security leading to livelihood and food security
10. **What does the content suggest about the availability of water despite being a recyclable resource?**
– (a) It is unlimited
– (b) It is abundant
– (c) It is limited, and the gap between supply and demand is widening
– (d) It is not recyclable
Answer
Answer: (c) It is limited, and the gap between supply and demand is widening
11. **What global phenomenon is mentioned as a contributor to water stress conditions?**
– (a) Rapid economic development
– (b) High population growth
– (c) Climate change
– (d) Industrialization
Answer
Answer: (c) Climate change
12. **What is the specific aim of the Jal Kranti Abhiyan with regard to per capita water availability?**
– (a) To decrease per capita water availability
– (b) To ensure per capita water availability in the country
– (c) To increase industrial water usage
– (d) To focus on groundwater pollution only
Answer
Answer: (b) To ensure per capita water availability in the country
13. **What is the proposed role of social media in the Jal Kranti Abhiyan?**
– (a) Exclusively for entertainment purposes
– (b) To create mass awareness about water security
– (c) To promote industrialization
– (d) To spread misinformation about water conservation
Answer
Answer: (b) To create mass awareness about water security
14. **What traditional knowledge is mentioned in the content regarding water conservation?**
– (a) Usage of concrete structures
– (b) Increasing groundwater pollution
– (c) Traditional practices of water conservation and management
– (d) Abandoning water bodies
Answer
Answer: (c) Traditional practices of water conservation and management
15. **How does the content suggest
that Jal Kranti Abhiyan contributes to livelihood and food security?**
– (a) By promoting industrial development
– (b) Through water security, which leads to livelihood and food security
– (c) By decreasing per capita water availability
– (d) By ignoring pollution abatement measures
Answer
Answer: (b) Through water security, which leads to livelihood and food security
