GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Class 12 MCQ
1. **What is the primary difference between growth and development?**
– (a) Growth is always positive, and development can be positive or negative.
– (b) Growth is quantitative, while development is qualitative and always positive.
– (c) Growth is always negative, and development can be positive or negative.
– (d) Growth is qualitative, and development is quantitative.
Answer
Answer: (b) Growth is quantitative, while development is qualitative and always positive.
2. **How is growth described in terms of value?**
– (a) Always positive
– (b) Always negative
– (c) Value neutral, can be positive or negative
– (d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Value neutral, can be positive or negative.
3. **What is necessary for development to take place according to the content?**
– (a) Negative growth
– (b) No change in existing conditions
– (c) Positive growth
– (d) Stability in conditions
Answer
Answer: (c) Positive growth
4. **Provide an example to illustrate the difference between growth and development.**
– (a) Increase in population without changes in facilities
– (b) Decrease in population with improved facilities
– (c) Stability in population and facilities
– (d) No change in population and facilities
Answer
Answer: (a) Increase in population without changes in facilities
5. **Which term is always value positive?**
– (a) Growth
– (b) Development
– (c) Quantity
– (d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) Development
6. **In the example given, if a city’s population grows from one lakh to two lakhs but facilities remain the same, what is the result?**
– (a) Positive growth
– (b) Negative growth
– (c) Development
– (d) Lack of development
Answer
Answer: (d) Lack of development
7. **Which of the following statements is true regarding growth and development?**
– (a) Positive growth always leads to development.
– (b) Positive growth does not always lead to development.
– (c) Negative growth always leads to development.
– (d) Negative growth does not always lead to development.
Answer
Answer: (b) Positive growth does not always lead to development.
8. **What is the impact of positive growth without development on a city’s conditions?**
– (a) Conditions improve
– (b) Conditions deteriorate
– (c) Conditions remain the same
– (d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Conditions remain the same
9. **How is growth described in terms of quantity?**
– (a) Qualitative
– (b) Quantitative
– (c) Both qualitative and quantitative
– (d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) Quantitative
10. **Which factor is essential for development to occur?**
– (a) Stability in conditions
– (b) Negative growth
– (c) Increment or addition to existing conditions
– (d) Stagnation in conditions
Answer
Answer: (c) Increment or addition to existing conditions
11. **What is the nature of development?**
– (a) Always negative
– (b) Qualitative and always positive
– (c) Quantitative and always positive
– (d) Value neutral
Answer
Answer: (b) Qualitative and always positive
12. **Which statement is true regarding growth and development in the context of the content?**
– (a) Development always leads to positive growth.
– (b) Growth always leads to positive development.
– (c) Positive growth always leads to development.
– (d) Positive growth does not always lead to development.
Answer
Answer: (d) Positive growth does not always lead to development.
13. **What is the role of change in quality in development?**
– (a) Not necessary
– (b) Hindrance to development
– (c) Essential for development
– (d) No impact on development
Answer
Answer: (c) Essential for development
14. **What does the example of the city’s growth illustrate about development?**
– (a) Positive growth always results in development.
– (b) Development requires an increment in existing conditions.
– (c) Facilities can remain the same for development to occur.
– (d) Lack of development does not impact the city’s conditions.
Answer
Answer: (b) Development requires an increment in existing conditions.
15. **What is the nature of growth?**
– (a) Always positive
– (b) Always negative
– (c) Quantitative and value neutral
– (d) Qualitative and value positive
Answer
Answer: (c) Quantitative and value neutral
1. **How was a country’s level of development traditionally measured?**
– (a) Social progress
– (b) Human development
– (c) Economic growth
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Economic growth
2. **What did economic growth traditionally imply about a country’s development?**
– (a) Improved quality of life
– (b) Increased opportunities
– (c) Meaningful lives for most people
– (d) Limited change in the lives of most people
Answer
Answer: (d) Limited change in the lives of most people
3. **When were the ideas about the importance of the quality of life, opportunities, and freedoms in development clearly articulated?**
– (a) In the 1960s
– (b) In the late eighties and early nineties
– (c) In the 1970s
– (d) In the 1980s
Answer
Answer: (b) In the late eighties and early nineties
4. **Who introduced the concept of human development?**
– (a) Amartya Sen
– (b) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (c) Both Amartya Sen and Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (d) An anonymous economist
Answer
Answer: (b) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
5. **How does Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq define human development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives
– (c) Cultural diversity
– (d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (b) Development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives
6. **According to Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq, what is central to all development?**
– (a) Economic policies
– (b) Social progress
– (c) People
– (d) Government initiatives
Answer
Answer: (c) People
7. **What is the basic goal of development according to the concept of human development?**
– (a) Economic prosperity
– (b) Cultural enrichment
– (c) Creating conditions for people to live meaningful lives
– (d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (c) Creating conditions for people to live meaningful lives
8. **What does a meaningful life, according to the content, entail?**
– (a) Long life with no purpose
– (b) Short life with a clear purpose
– (c) Life with some purpose, being healthy, developing talents, participating in society, and freedom to achieve goals
– (d) Life with no goals
Answer
Answer: (c) Life with some purpose, being healthy, developing talents, participating in society, and freedom to achieve goals
9. **What is the characteristic of a meaningful life?**
– (a) Only a long life
– (b) A life with some purpose
– (c) A life with no purpose
– (d) A life without freedom
Answer
Answer: (b) A life with some purpose
10. **According to Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq, what must people be able to do for development to be meaningful?**
– (a) Only participate in society
– (b) Only be free to achieve their goals
– (c) Only be healthy
– (d) Be healthy, develop their talents, participate in society, and be free to achieve their goals
Answer
Answer: (d) Be healthy, develop their talents, participate in
society, and be free to achieve their goals
11. **What is the focus of the concept of human development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Enlarging people’s choices and improving their lives
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Enlarging people’s choices and improving their lives
12. **Who emphasized the importance of opportunities, freedoms, and the quality of life in development along with Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq?**
– (a) Amartya Sen
– (b) An anonymous economist
– (c) Dr Manmohan Singh
– (d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer
Answer: (a) Amartya Sen
13. **What is the fundamental goal of development according to the provided content?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Improving quality of life
– (c) Creating conditions for people to live meaningful lives
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (c) Creating conditions for people to live meaningful lives
14. **What does the concept of human development consider central to development?**
– (a) Government initiatives
– (b) Economic policies
– (c) People
– (d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (c) People
15. **In the context of human development, what are choices according to Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq?**
– (a) Fixed and unchanging
– (b) Dependent on economic policies
– (c) Central to development and keep on changing
– (d) Irrelevant to development
Answer
Answer: (c) Central to development and keep on changing
Did you Know
1. **Who created the Human Development Index in 1990?**
– (a) Prof Amartya Sen
– (b) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (c) Both Prof Amartya Sen and Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (d) An anonymous economist
Answer
Answer: (b) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
2. **What does Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq consider development to be about?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Enlarging people’s choices for long, healthy lives with dignity
– (c) Technological advancement
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (b) Enlarging people’s choices for long, healthy lives with dignity
3. **Since when has the United Nations Development Programme been publishing the Human Development Report annually?**
– (a) 1980
– (b) 1990
– (c) 2000
– (d) 2010
Answer
Answer: (b) 1990
4. **Which economist emphasized the increase in freedom as the main objective of development?**
– (a) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (b) Prof Amartya Sen
– (c) Both Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen
– (d) An anonymous economist
Answer
Answer: (b) Prof Amartya Sen
5. **What is one of the most effective ways of bringing about development, according to Prof Amartya Sen?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Increasing freedoms
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (c) Increasing freedoms
6. **What did Prof Amartya Sen see as the main objective of development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Increase in freedom (or decrease in unfreedom)
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (c) Increase in freedom (or decrease in unfreedom)
7. **What is the focus of Prof Amartya Sen’s work in development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Role of social and political institutions and processes in increasing freedom
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Role of social and political institutions and processes in increasing freedom
8. **Whose concept of human development has been used by the United Nations Development Programme for the Human Development Report since 1990?**
– (a) Dr Manmohan Singh
– (b) Prof Amartya Sen
– (c) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (d) Both Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen
Answer
Answer: (d) Both Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen
9. **What did Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq create in 1990?**
– (a) Human Development Index
– (b) Human Rights Index
– (c) Economic Growth Index
– (d) Technological Advancement Index
Answer
Answer: (a) Human Development Index
10. **What is the annual publication initiated by Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq’s concept of human development?**
– (a) Economic Development Review
– (b) Human Development Report
– (c) Cultural Enrichment Journal
– (d) Technological Advancement Digest
Answer
Answer: (b) Human Development Report
11. **What did Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq’s concept of development focus on, according to the content?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Enlarging people’s choices for long, healthy lives with dignity
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (c) Enlarging people’s choices for long, healthy lives with dignity
12. **Which economist is known for emphasizing the increase in freedom as the main goal of development?**
– (a) Dr Manmohan Singh
– (b) Prof Amartya Sen
– (c) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
– (d) Both Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen
Answer
Answer: (b) Prof Amartya Sen
13. **Who worked together under the leadership of Dr Haq to bring out the initial Human Development Reports?**
– (a) Dr Manmohan Singh and Prof Amartya Sen
– (b) Prof Amartya Sen and an anonymous economist
– (c) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen
– (d) Dr Manmohan Singh and Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq
Answer
Answer: (c) Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq and Prof Amartya Sen
14. **What does Prof Amartya Sen consider as one of the most effective ways of bringing about development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Increasing freedoms
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (c) Increasing freedoms
15. **What was the main objective of development, according to Prof Amartya Sen?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancement
– (c) Increase in freedom (or decrease in unfreedom)
– (d) Cultural enrichment
Answer
Answer: (c) Increase in freedom (or decrease in unfreedom)
1. **What are the most important aspects of human development according to the passage?**
– (a) Economic growth, technological advancement, and cultural enrichment
– (b) Leading a long and healthy life, gaining knowledge, and having enough means for a decent life
– (c) Social interactions, cultural diversity, and political engagement
– (d) Urbanization, industrialization, and literacy rate
Answer
Answer: (b) Leading a long and healthy life, gaining knowledge, and having enough means for a decent life
2. **What are the key areas in human development, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Economic indicators, technological indicators, and cultural indicators
– (b) Access to resources, health, and education
– (c) Urban development, industrial growth, and political stability
– (d) Social equality, cultural heritage, and environmental sustainability
Answer
Answer: (b) Access to resources, health, and education
3. **What prevents people from leading healthy lives, gaining education, or having the means for a decent life?**
– (a) Lack of economic growth
– (b) Lack of technological advancement
– (c) Lack of social interactions
– (d) Inability to acquire knowledge, material poverty, social discrimination, and other reasons
Answer
Answer: (d) Inability to acquire knowledge, material poverty, social discrimination, and other reasons
4. **Why is building people’s capabilities in health, education, and access to resources important?**
– (a) To increase economic growth
– (b) To promote cultural diversity
– (c) To enlarge their choices
– (d) To enhance technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (c) To enlarge their choices
5. **How are choices limited for an uneducated child, according to the passage?**
– (a) Lack of economic opportunities
– (b) Lack of social interactions
– (c) Limited by material poverty
– (d) Limited by political instability
Answer
Answer: (c) Limited by material poverty
6. **Why can poor people often not choose medical treatment for diseases, as per the passage?**
– (a) Lack of medical facilities
– (b) Lack of technological advancements
– (c) Limited by their lack of resources
– (d) Limited by social discrimination
Answer
Answer: (c) Limited by their lack of resources
7. **What is considered important for human development to occur, as per the passage?**
– (a) Economic stability
– (b) Cultural preservation
– (c) Building capabilities in health, education, and access to resources
– (d) Political dominance
Answer
Answer: (c) Building capabilities in health, education, and access to resources
8. **What are the key areas where suitable indicators have been developed to measure aspects of human development?**
– (a) Economic and political spheres
– (b) Health, education, and access to resources
– (c) Technological advancements and cultural diversity
– (d) Industrial growth and urban development
Answer
Answer: (b) Health, education, and access to resources
9. **Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor limiting people’s choices in the passage?**
– (a) Inability to acquire knowledge
– (b) Material poverty
– (c) Social discrimination
– (d) Lack of technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (d) Lack of technological advancements
10. **What is considered important for people to live meaningful lives, according to the passage?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Technological advancements
– (c) Building capabilities in health, education, and access to resources
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Building capabilities in health, education, and access to resources
1. **What are the four pillars of human development, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Equality, uniformity, progress, and control
– (b) Equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment
– (c) Economic growth, technological advancement, cultural enrichment, and political stability
– (d) Gender equality, environmental sustainability, financial productivity, and social empowerment
Answer
Answer: (b) Equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment
2. **What does the concept of equity in human development refer to?**
– (a) Making equal access to opportunities available to everybody
– (b) Uniformity in economic growth
– (c) Technological advancement for all
– (d) Political dominance for certain groups
Answer
Answer: (a) Making equal access to opportunities available to everybody
3. **In the context of school dropouts, what does the passage suggest about equity?**
– (a) School dropouts are uniform across all groups
– (b) Women and socially/economically backward groups face limitations in choices due to unequal access to knowledge
– (c) Economic factors are the primary cause of school dropouts
– (d) School dropout rates are unrelated to opportunities
Answer
Answer: (b) Women and socially/economically backward groups face limitations in choices due to unequal access to knowledge
4. **What does sustainability mean in the context of human development?**
– (a) Continuity in uniformity
– (b) Continuity in availability of opportunities for each generation
– (c) Continuous economic growth
– (d) Uniform use of resources
Answer
Answer: (b) Continuity in availability of opportunities for each generation
5. **Why is sending girls to school considered an example of sustainability?**
– (a) It ensures uniformity in education
– (b) It prevents environmental degradation
– (c) It ensures opportunities for future generations of women
– (d) It promotes economic growth
Answer
Answer: (c) It ensures opportunities for future generations of women
6. **What does productivity mean in the context of human development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Cultural enrichment
– (c) Human labor productivity or productivity in terms of human work
– (d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (c) Human labor productivity or productivity in terms of human work
7. **How can productivity be enriched, according to the passage?**
– (a) By focusing on economic growth
– (b) By ensuring uniformity in opportunities
– (c) By building capabilities in people
– (d) By implementing political dominance
Answer
Answer: (c) By building capabilities in people
8. **What does empowerment mean in the context of human development?**
– (a) Uniform access to resources
– (b) Economic dominance
– (c) Having the power to make choices, coming from increasing freedom and capability
– (d) Technological empowerment
Answer
Answer: (c) Having the power to make choices, coming from increasing freedom and capability
9. **What is required to empower people, especially socially and economically disadvantaged groups?**
– (a) Cultural preservation
– (b) Economic growth
– (c) Good governance and people-oriented policies
– (d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (c) Good governance and people-oriented policies
10. **Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the pillars of human development in the passage?**
– (a) Equity
– (b) Sustainability
– (c) Progress
– (d) Empowerment
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Answer
Answer: (c) Progress
11. **According to the passage, why is it important to stress the importance of sending girls to school?**
– (a) It promotes environmental sustainability
– (b) It ensures opportunities for future generations of women and affects other aspects of their lives
– (c) It leads to uniformity in educational choices
– (d) It results in economic dominance
Answer
Answer: (b) It ensures opportunities for future generations of women and affects other aspects of their lives
12. **What does the passage suggest about human productivity being the real wealth of nations?**
– (a) Economic growth is the real wealth
– (b) Cultural diversity is the real wealth
– (c) People, and their capabilities and efficiency, are the real wealth
– (d) Political stability is the real wealth
Answer
Answer: (c) People, and their capabilities and efficiency, are the real wealth
13. **What is the connection between empowerment and increasing freedom and capability?**
– (a) Empowerment restricts freedom and capability
– (b) Empowerment is unrelated to freedom and capability
– (c) Empowerment comes from decreasing freedom
– (d) Empowerment comes from increasing freedom and capability
Answer
Answer: (d) Empowerment comes from increasing freedom and capability
14. **Why is the empowerment of socially and economically disadvantaged groups considered of special importance?**
– (a) To ensure uniformity in society
– (b) To achieve economic dominance
– (c) To promote cultural diversity
– (d) To address existing inequalities and enhance overall development
Answer
Answer: (d) To address existing inequalities and enhance overall development
15. **What is the ultimate goal of efforts to increase knowledge and provide better health facilities, according to the passage?**
– (a) Uniformity in society
– (b) Cultural enrichment
– (c) Economic dominance
– (d) Better work efficiency and human development
Answer
Answer: (d) Better work efficiency and human development
1. **What are the four approaches to human development mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) Economic, social, cultural, and political
– (b) Income, welfare, minimum needs, and capabilities
– (c) Historical, geographical, technological, and environmental
– (d) Educational, health, financial, and technological
Answer
Answer: (b) Income, welfare, minimum needs, and capabilities
2. **What is the Human Development Index (HDI) used to rank countries based on?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Performance in health, education, and access to resources
– (c) Political stability
– (d) Technological advancement
Answer
Answer: (b) Performance in health, education, and access to resources
3. **How is life expectancy at birth used in the HDI?**
– (a) To measure the economic status of a country
– (b) To assess the overall health of a population
– (c) To determine political stability
– (d) To evaluate technological advancements
Answer
Answer: (b) To assess the overall health of a population
4. **What do the adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent in the HDI?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Access to knowledge
– (c) Cultural diversity
– (d) Political stability
Answer
Answer: (b) Access to knowledge
5. **How is access to resources measured in the HDI?**
– (a) Cultural preservation
– (b) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars
– (c) Political dominance
– (d) Technological empowerment
Answer
Answer: (b) Purchasing power in U.S. dollars
6. **What weightage is given to each dimension (health, education, and access to resources) in the HDI?**
– (a) 1/2 for health, 1/4 for education, and 1/4 for access to resources
– (b) 1/3 for each dimension
– (c) 1/4 for health, 1/2 for education, and 1/4 for access to resources
– (d) Equal weightage for all dimensions
Answer
Answer: (b) 1/3 for each dimension
7. **What does a higher score on the HDI indicate?**
– (a) Lower human development
– (b) Greater level of human development
– (c) Economic dominance
– (d) Political instability
Answer
Answer: (b) Greater level of human development
8. **What does a score of 0.983 on the HDI imply?**
– (a) Very low level of human development
– (b) Moderate level of human development
– (c) Very high level of human development
– (d) No human development
Answer
Answer: (c) Very high level of human development
9. **What is a limitation of the HDI, according to the passage?**
– (a) It does not measure economic growth
– (b) It does not consider political stability
– (c) It does not say anything about the distribution
– (d) It does not account for cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) It does not say anything about the distribution
10. **What does the Human Poverty Index measure?**
– (a) Attainments in human development
– (b) Shortfall in human development
– (c) Political stability
– (d) Economic growth
Answer
Answer: (b) Shortfall in human development
11. **How is the Human Poverty Index related to the Human Development Index?**
– (a) It measures the same dimensions as the HDI
– (b) It is unrelated to the HDI
– (c) It is an alternative name for the HDI
– (d) It measures the shortfall in human development
Answer
Answer: (d) It measures the shortfall in human development
12. **What does the HDI reflect, according to the passage?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Attainments in human development
– (c) Political stability
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (b) Attainments in human development
13. **What is the main drawback of the HDI, as mentioned in the passage?**
– (a) It is difficult to calculate
– (b) It does not measure economic growth
– (c) It does not say anything about the distribution
– (d) It is not widely accepted
Answer
Answer: (c) It does not say anything about the distribution
14. **What does the HDI not reveal about human development?**
– (a) Attainments in key areas
– (b) The distribution of attainments
– (c) Shortfall in human development
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (b) The distribution of attainments
15. **What does the Human Poverty Index measure in relation to human development?**
– (a) Economic growth
– (b) Achievements in key areas
– (c) Shortfall in human development
– (d) Cultural diversity
Answer
Answer: (c) Shortfall in human development
1. **Which of the following approaches to human development links human development to income?**
– (a) Welfare Approach
– (b) Capability Approach
– (c) Income Approach
– (d) Basic Needs Approach
Answer
Answer: (c) Income Approach
2. **According to the Welfare Approach, who is responsible for increasing levels of human development?**
– (a) Individuals
– (b) Government
– (c) Development organizations
– (d) Corporations
Answer
Answer: (b) Government
3. **Which organization initially proposed the Basic Needs Approach to human development?**
– (a) World Health Organization (WHO)
– (b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
– (c) International Labour Organisation (ILO)
– (d) UNESCO
Answer
Answer: (c) International Labour Organisation (ILO)
4. **How many basic needs are identified in the Basic Needs Approach?**
– (a) 3
– (b) 4
– (c) 5
– (d) 6
Answer
Answer: (d) 6
5. **Which economist is associated with the Capability Approach to human development?**
– (a) Adam Smith
– (b) Karl Marx
– (c) John Maynard Keynes
– (d) Amartya Sen
Answer
Answer: (d) Amartya Sen
6. **What is the key to increasing human development in the Capability Approach?**
– (a) Government expenditure
– (b) Maximizing welfare programs
– (c) Building human capabilities in health, education, and access to resources
– (d) Providing basic needs
Answer
Answer: (c) Building human capabilities in health, education, and access to resources
7. **In the Income Approach, what does the level of income reflect?**
– (a) Level of technology
– (b) Level of freedom an individual enjoys
– (c) Cultural diversity
– (d) Political stability
Answer
Answer: (b) Level of freedom an individual enjoys
8. **According to the Welfare Approach, how are human beings viewed in relation to development activities?**
– (a) Active participants
– (b) Passive recipients
– (c) Decision-makers
– (d) Observers
Answer
Answer: (b) Passive recipients
9. **What are the six basic needs identified in the Basic Needs Approach?**
– (a) Food, clothing, shelter, education, technology, and health
– (b) Health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing
– (c) Education, employment, environment, health, food, and housing
– (d) Water supply, sanitation, housing, education, technology, and health
Answer
Answer: (b) Health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing
10. **Which approach argues for higher government expenditure on education, health, and social amenities?**
– (a) Income Approach
– (b) Welfare Approach
– (c) Basic Needs Approach
– (d) Capability Approach
Answer
Answer: (b) Welfare Approach
11. **According to the Capability Approach, what is the role of government in human development?**
– (a) Providing basic needs
– (b) Maximizing expenditure on welfare
– (c) Building human capabilities
– (d) Linking human development to income
Answer
Answer: (c) Building human capabilities
12. **Which approach
ignores the question of human choices and focuses on the provision of basic needs?**
– (a) Income Approach
– (b) Welfare Approach
– (c) Basic Needs Approach
– (d) Capability Approach
Answer
Answer: (c) Basic Needs Approach
13. **What does sustainability mean in the context of human development?**
– (a) Maximizing government expenditure
– (b) Continuity in the availability of opportunities
– (c) Focus on basic needs
– (d) Linking human development to income
Answer
Answer: (b) Continuity in the availability of opportunities
14. **Which indicator is used to assess health in the Human Development Index (HDI)?**
– (a) Gross enrolment ratio
– (b) Life expectancy at birth
– (c) Adult literacy rate
– (d) Purchasing power
Answer
Answer: (b) Life expectancy at birth
15. **What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?**
– (a) Shortfall in human development
– (b) Attainments in human development
– (c) Income levels
– (d) Government expenditure on welfare
Answer
Answer: (b) Attainments in human development
1. **What does the Human Poverty Index (HPI) measure?**
– (a) Income levels
– (b) Shortfall in human development
– (c) Government expenditure on welfare
– (d) Purchasing power
Answer
Answer: (b) Shortfall in human development
2. **Which of the following factors is considered in the calculation of the Human Poverty Index (HPI)?**
– (a) Per capita income
– (b) Life expectancy at birth
– (c) Access to clean water
– (d) Size of the territory
Answer
Answer: (c) Access to clean water
3. **Why is the Human Poverty Index (HPI) considered more revealing than the Human Development Index (HDI) at times?**
– (a) It considers per capita income
– (b) It includes political freedom index
– (c) It measures the shortfall in human development
– (d) It relies on smaller countries’ data
Answer
Answer: (c) It measures the shortfall in human development
4. **What is the benefit of looking at both the Human Poverty Index (HPI) and Human Development Index (HDI) together?**
– (a) It provides a comparison of sizes of territories
– (b) It gives an accurate picture of human development
– (c) It highlights per capita income trends
– (d) It emphasizes political freedom
Answer
Answer: (b) It gives an accurate picture of human development
5. **What are researchers trying to find links to in terms of human development?**
– (a) Level of corruption or political freedom
– (b) Size of the territory
– (c) Per capita income
– (d) Availability of clean water
Answer
Answer: (a) Level of corruption or political freedom
6. **In international comparisons of human development, what is not directly related to human development?**
– (a) Per capita income
– (b) Size of the territory
– (c) Availability of clean water
– (d) Political freedom
Answer
Answer: (a) Per capita income
7. **Which of the following statements is true about smaller countries in terms of human development?**
– (a) Smaller countries have lower Human Development Index (HDI)
– (b) Smaller countries have done worse than larger ones in human development
– (c) Smaller countries have performed better than larger ones in human development
– (d) Smaller countries are not considered in international comparisons
Answer
Answer: (c) Smaller countries have performed better than larger ones in human development
8. **Which country has a higher Human Development Index (HDI) rank than India despite having a smaller economy?**
– (a) Sri Lanka
– (b) Trinidad and Tobago
– (c) India
– (d) Australia
Answer
Answer: (b) Trinidad and Tobago
9. **In India, which state performs better than Punjab and Gujarat in human development despite having lower per capita income?**
– (a) Punjab
– (b) Gujarat
– (c) Kerala
– (d) Maharashtra
Answer
Answer: (c) Kerala
10. **How many categories are countries classified into based on the Human Development Index (HDI) scores?**
– (a) 2
– (b) 3
– (c) 4
– (d) 5
Answer
Answer: (c) 4
11. **In the Human Development Index (HDI), what score range indicates a “Very High” level of human development?**
– (a) Above 0.900
– (b) Between 0.800 and 0.899
– (c) Between 0.700 and 0.799
– (d) Below 0.600
Answer
Answer: (a) Above 0.800
12. **How many countries fall into the “High” level of human development based on the Human Development Index (HDI) scores?**
– (a) 40
– (b) 53
– (c) 37
– (d) 66
Answer
Answer: (b) 53
13. **Which category of countries has a Human Development Index (
HDI) score below 0.550?**
– (a) Very High
– (b) High
– (c) Medium
– (d) Low
Answer
Answer: (d) Low
14. **How many countries are included in the “Medium” level of human development based on the Human Development Index (HDI) scores?**
– (a) 25
– (b) 37
– (c) 50
– (d) 60
Answer
Answer: (b) 37
15. **What is the minimum Human Development Index (HDI) score for the “Low” level of human development?**
– (a) 0.450
– (b) 0.500
– (c) 0.549
– (d) 0.600
Answer
Answer: (c) 0.549
1. **How many countries are included in the group with very high human development index, according to the Human Development Report of 2020?**
– (a) 37
– (b) 53
– (c) 66
– (d) 10
Answer
Answer: (c) 66
2. **Which of the following is not one of the top ten countries with high-value index in the very high human development group?**
– (a) Norway
– (b) Ireland
– (c) China
– (d) Denmark
Answer
Answer: (c) China
3. **What is a common characteristic of countries in the high-level human development group?**
– (a) Low investment in the social sector
– (b) Political turmoil
– (c) High social diversity
– (d) Lack of good governance
Answer
Answer: (c) High social diversity
4. **How many countries form the largest group in terms of human development level?**
– (a) 37
– (b) 66
– (c) 53
– (d) 10
Answer
Answer: (a) 37
5. **What is a characteristic of many countries with medium levels of human development in terms of social diversity?**
– (a) Low social diversity
– (b) High social diversity
– (c) No social diversity
– (d) Political instability
Answer
Answer: (b) High social diversity
6. **What event has contributed to the emergence of many countries in the medium level of human development after 1990?**
– (a) World War I
– (b) World War II
– (c) Breakup of the Soviet Union
– (d) The Cold War
Answer
Answer: (c) Breakup of the Soviet Union
7. **What is a common feature of countries with low levels of human development?**
– (a) High investment in social sectors
– (b) Large size
– (c) Political stability
– (d) Political turmoil and social instability
Answer
Answer: (d) Political turmoil and social instability
8. **Why do places with low levels of human development tend to spend more on defense rather than social sectors?**
– (a) Lack of resources
– (b) Political stability
– (c) Accelerated economic development
– (d) Political instability
Answer
Answer: (d) Political instability
9. **What is a misleading factor when blaming low levels of human development on the culture of the people?**
– (a) Government expenditure
– (b) Social diversity
– (c) Religion or community
– (d) Size of the territory
Answer
Answer: (c) Religion or community
10. **What is crucial to understanding why a particular region reports low or high levels of human development?**
– (a) Culture of the people
– (b) Pattern of government expenditure on the social sector
– (c) Size of the territory
– (d) Availability of natural resources
Answer
Answer: (b) Pattern of government expenditure on the social sector
11. **What is important to look at when understanding the pattern of government expenditure on the social sector?**
– (a) Level of corruption
– (b) Size of the population
– (c) Political environment
– (d) Availability of clean water
Answer
Answer: (c) Political environment
12. **Which group of countries tends to invest more in social sectors and is generally free from political turmoil and instability?**
– (a) Low-level human development
– (b) High-level human development
– (c) Medium-level human development
– (d) Former imperial powers
Answer
Answer: (b) High-level human development
13. **What is a characteristic of countries with low levels of human development in terms of resource distribution?**
– (a) Equitable distribution
– (b) Inequitable distribution
– (c) No distribution
– (d) Distribution based on religion
Answer
Answer: (b) Inequitable distribution
14. **What type of investment is prioritized in places with low levels of human development?**
– (a) Social sectors
– (b) Education
– (c) Defense
– (d) Infrastructure
Answer
Answer: (c) Defense
15. **What is often a result of the pattern of government expenditure in places with low levels of human development?**
– (a) Accelerated economic development
– (b) Equitable distribution of resources
– (c) Political turmoil and instability
– (d) Freedom and capability
Answer
Answer: (c) Political turmoil and instability
